Characteristics of extra-oral halitosis induced by functional constipation: a prospective cohort study.

IF 3.7 4区医学 Q1 BIOCHEMICAL RESEARCH METHODS

Journal of breath research Pub Date : 2024-02-01 DOI:10.1088/1752-7163/ad2213

Xiao Xian Qian

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Abstract

Characteristics of extra-oral halitosis induced by functional constipation (FC) have never been revealed. To address this, this prospective cohort was conducted with 100 FC patients, who were divided into a halitosis group and a negative group. Organoleptic score (OLS) ⩾ 2 in nose breath was diagnosed as extra-oral halitosis. Concentration of overall volatile sulfur compounds (VSCs) measured by Halimeter, concentration of hydrogen sulfide (HS), methanethiol (MT), dimethyl sulfide (DMS) and their total amount measured by OralChroma in nose breath was recorded asC-VSC,C-HS,C-MT,C-DMS andC-sum respectively. We found that 82% (82/100) of the FC patients had extra-oral halitosis. However, only 12.5% (3/82) and 1.22% (1/82) of halitosis group were correctly diagnosed with the current diagnostic threshold ofC-VSC ⩾ 110 parts per billion (ppb) and ⩾150 ppb.C-VSC,C-DMS andC-sum were significantly higher in the halitosis group compared to the negative group (allP< 0.001), with ratios of about 2.2 times, 3.1 times and 2.1 times respectively.C-HS andC-MT were low and not significantly different between the groups. Positive correlations were observed among OLS,C-VSC,C-DMS andC-sum. The area under curve of receiver operating characteristics ofC-VSC, C-DMS andC-sum for predicting FC-induced halitosis was 0.909, 0.9073 and 0.962 respectively, with the threshold values of ⩾36 ppb, ⩾52 ppb and ⩾75 ppb respectively. Therefore, we conclude that: (1) DMS is the primary contributor to FC-induced extra-oral halitosis. (2) OLS, Halimeter and OralChroma are consistent in detecting FC-induced extra-oral halitosis. (3) The diagnostic threshold for Halimeter should be adjusted toC-VSC ⩾ 36 ppb and the diagnostic threshold for OralChroma should be set asC-DMS ⩾ 52 ppb for diagnosing FC-induced extra-oral halitosis.

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功能性便秘诱发口外口臭的特征：一项前瞻性队列研究。

由功能性便秘（FC）引起的口外口臭的特征从未被揭示过。为了解决这个问题，我们对 100 名功能性便秘患者进行了前瞻性队列研究，并将他们分为口臭组和阴性组。鼻呼气的感官评分（OLS）≥ 2 分被诊断为口外口臭。用 Halimeter 测量鼻口气中总挥发性硫化合物（VSCs）的浓度，用 OralChroma 测量鼻口气中硫化氢（HS）、甲硫醇（MT）、二甲基硫醚（DMS）的浓度及其总量，分别记为 C-VSC、C-HS、C-MT、C-DMS 和 C-sum。我们发现，82%（82/100）的 FC 患者有口外口臭。然而，在口臭组中，只有 12.5%（3/82）和 1.22%（1/82）的患者能按照目前的诊断阈值（C-VSC ≥ 110 ppb 和 ≥ 150 ppb）得到正确诊断。与阴性组相比，口臭组的 C-VSC、C-DMS 和 C-sum 明显较高（均 P <0.001），比率分别约为 2.2 倍、3.1 倍和 2.1 倍。C-HS和C-MT较低，组间差异不明显。OLS、C-VSC、C-DMS 和 C-sum 之间呈正相关。C-VSC、C-DMS 和 C-sum 预测 FC 引起的口臭的接收器操作特征曲线下面积（ROC）分别为 0.909、0.9073 和 0.962，阈值分别为≥ 36 ppb、≥ 52 ppb 和≥ 75 ppb。因此，我们得出以下结论(1) DMS 是 FC 引起口外口臭的主要因素。(2）OLS、Halimeter 和 OralChroma 在检测 FC 引起的口外口臭方面具有一致性。(3）在诊断 FC 引起的口外口臭时，Halimeter 的诊断阈值应调整为 C-VSC ≥ 36 ppb，OralChroma 的诊断阈值应设定为 C-DMS ≥ 52 ppb。

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来源期刊

Journal of breath research BIOCHEMICAL RESEARCH METHODS-RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

CiteScore

7.60

自引率

21.10%

发文量

审稿时长

>12 weeks

期刊介绍： Journal of Breath Research is dedicated to all aspects of scientific breath research. The traditional focus is on analysis of volatile compounds and aerosols in exhaled breath for the investigation of exogenous exposures, metabolism, toxicology, health status and the diagnosis of disease and breath odours. The journal also welcomes other breath-related topics. Typical areas of interest include: Big laboratory instrumentation: describing new state-of-the-art analytical instrumentation capable of performing high-resolution discovery and targeted breath research; exploiting complex technologies drawn from other areas of biochemistry and genetics for breath research. Engineering solutions: developing new breath sampling technologies for condensate and aerosols, for chemical and optical sensors, for extraction and sample preparation methods, for automation and standardization, and for multiplex analyses to preserve the breath matrix and facilitating analytical throughput. Measure exhaled constituents (e.g. CO2, acetone, isoprene) as markers of human presence or mitigate such contaminants in enclosed environments. Human and animal in vivo studies: decoding the ''breath exposome'', implementing exposure and intervention studies, performing cross-sectional and case-control research, assaying immune and inflammatory response, and testing mammalian host response to infections and exogenous exposures to develop information directly applicable to systems biology. Studying inhalation toxicology; inhaled breath as a source of internal dose; resultant blood, breath and urinary biomarkers linked to inhalation pathway. Cellular and molecular level in vitro studies. Clinical, pharmacological and forensic applications. Mathematical, statistical and graphical data interpretation.