Capturing planning: Politics of land based accumulation in Tehran

Mojgan Taheri Tafti
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Abstract

This paper contributes to the literature on the relationships between the state and other actors around the politics of the extraction of value from urban developments by focusing on one planning institution in the Tehran metropolitan area, the Tehran Point 5 Committee (TPC). Drawing from studies on state capture, the paper shows how this planning institution, initially established to make spatial plans flexible and implementable through deliberating on zoning relief requests, has been captured by strong political actors and their networks of front companies. By collecting and analyzing quantitative and qualitative data on the decisions of this institution from 2009 to 2019 and the corresponding spatial pattern of the projects with granted zoning relief, I examine how these actors cluster around the TPC to shape, expand, and exploit opportunities from urban development to their benefit while harming the public good. I argue that the explanatory frameworks of neoliberalism, elite informality, and corruption fail to adequately account for the political drivers that undergird the operation of this institution. The paper draws attention to the susceptibility of the planning systems, in particular those components with discretionary powers, to be a target of state capture under circumstances of political distortions, due to the role they can play in extracting and distributing significant economic returns from urban development.
捕捉规划:德黑兰以土地为基础的积累政治
本文通过聚焦德黑兰大都市区的一个规划机构--德黑兰第 5 点委员会(TPC),对围绕从城市发展中提取价值的政治中国家与其他行为者之间关系的文献做出了贡献。本文借鉴有关国家俘获的研究,展示了这一规划机构是如何被强大的政治参与者及其幌子公司网络俘获的,该机构最初成立的目的是通过审议分区减免请求,使空间规划具有灵活性和可实施性。通过收集和分析 2009 年至 2019 年该机构决策的定量和定性数据,以及相应的分区减免项目的空间模式,我研究了这些行动者是如何围绕城市规划委员会来塑造、扩大和利用城市发展的机会,从而在损害公共利益的同时为自己谋利的。我认为,新自由主义、精英非正规性和腐败等解释框架未能充分解释支撑这一机构运作的政治驱动力。本文提请人们注意,在政治扭曲的情况下,规划系统,尤其是那些拥有自由裁量权的部分,很容易成为国家俘获的目标,因为它们在从城市发展中获取和分配巨大经济收益方面可以发挥作用。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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