Oversizing Novel Aircraft Propulsion Systems for Power Redundancy

Konstantinos I. Papadopoulos, V. Gkoutzamanis, A. Kalfas
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Abstract

This paper expands the one-engine-inoperative conventional oversizing consideration to account for aircraft propulsion systems with multiple energy sources and thrust-generating media. Components in a generic hybrid propulsion system are categorized into power-generation, power-transmission and thrust-generation. For a given architecture, each possible single component failure is simulated to identify elements affected or eliminated by the respective loss of power, through the use of connection matrices. Failures are linked to losses in supplied and propulsive power, creating a list of oversizing factors for all individual components. Each element is oversized according to its corresponding maximum oversizing rate, defining the ideally redundant propulsion system. Case studies for conventional, all-electric and hybrid-electric powertrains highlight the need for balancing the number of components between minimum excess power and increasing the probability of a failure. Additionally, it is shown that asymmetrical configurations should not have major imbalance of power to avoid significant oversizing. The proposed methodology is applied to a 19-passenger, commuter aircraft. Increasing oversizing rate close to ideal leads to lower optimum energy consumption and increases redundancy. However, payload capacity penalties are required, up to 4 passengers for ideal oversizing. Heavier variants without penalties are up to 4% more efficient in terms of energy-per-weight in their carrying capacity against counterparts of the same oversize rate with reduced payload capacity. The proposed method maintains the principles of the conventional oversizing process, and highlights the tradeoffs needed between redundancy and performance in sizing novel propulsion systems.
超大型新型飞机推进系统的功率冗余
本文扩展了单发动机工作的传统超大考虑因素,以考虑具有多种能源和推力产生介质的飞机推进系统。通用混合推进系统中的组件分为动力产生、动力传输和推力产生三类。对于给定的结构,每个可能出现的单个组件故障都要进行模拟,以便通过使用连接矩阵来识别受相应动力损失影响或消除的组件。故障与供应功率和推进功率的损失相关联,从而为所有单个组件创建一个超大系数列表。每个元件都根据相应的最大过载率进行过载,从而确定理想的冗余推进系统。对传统动力系统、全电动动力系统和混合电动动力系统的案例研究强调了在最小过剩功率和增加故障概率之间平衡组件数量的必要性。此外,研究还表明,非对称配置不应出现功率严重失衡的情况,以避免过大。所提出的方法适用于一架 19 人通勤飞机。将过大率提高到接近理想值,可降低最佳能耗并增加冗余度。然而,在理想的超大尺寸情况下,需要对有效载荷能力进行处罚,最多可处罚 4 名乘客。与有效载荷能力降低但超大率相同的同类飞机相比,没有惩罚措施的较重机型的单位重量能耗效率最高可提高 4%。所提出的方法保持了传统超大过程的原则,并强调了在确定新型推进系统的大小时,需要在冗余和性能之间进行权衡。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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