Elastoviscoplasticity intensifies the unstable flows through a micro-contraction geometry

Abstract

This study focuses on the two-dimensional numerical investigation of complex fluid flows through a micro-contraction geometry in the creeping flow regime, specifically examining elastoviscoplastic (EVP) fluids. These fluids exhibit a combination of viscous, elastic, and plastic behaviors. The governing equations, including mass and momentum, are solved using a finite volume method-based discretization technique. Saramito’s constitutive model is utilized to accurately represent the viscous, elastic, and plastic responses of the EVP fluid. The present results demonstrate significant differences in flow dynamics, such as vortex dynamics and transitions between flow regimes (e.g., steady to unsteady), when compared to simple Newtonian and non-Newtonian viscoelastic (VE) or viscoplastic (VP) fluids. This study reveals that when the yield strain $\left({ϵ}_y\right)$ exceeds a critical value, approximately ranging from 0.79 to 0.89, the flow transits from a steady to an unsteady state for the EVP fluids. Importantly, the present study shows that EVP fluids exhibit intensified chaotic flow dynamics and increased instability compared to VE and VP fluids under similar flow conditions. However, the presence of shear-thinning behavior in EVP fluids suppresses this instability. The analysis of local velocity fields and flow deformation in this study highlights the impact on the stretching of fluid microstructure and elastic stresses, which ultimately contribute to the origin of this intensified unstable flow condition for EVP fluids. The finding from this study holds significant potential for enhancing heat or mass transfer rates and mixing efficiency in micro-scale systems, where the prevailing steady and laminar flow conditions often hinder these transport processes.