Consistent ecosystem service bundles emerge across global mountain, island and delta systems

IF 6.1 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 ECOLOGY
M. Oliver Reader , Maarten B. Eppinga , Hugo J. de Boer , Owen L. Petchey , Maria J. Santos
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Abstract

Ecosystem services are often analysed individually, but are intertwined with one another and the social-ecological systems they occur in. As a response, ecosystem service bundles, i.e. co-occurring sets of ecosystem services, can be used to simplify complex relationships between nature and society, and in turn aid understanding. Typically bundles are studied on the local to regional scale, given the importance of local context to bundling, but wider scale analysis may help highlight broader ecosystem service balances for sustainable management. However, it remains uncertain if the relationships between ecosystem services are strong enough to describe coherent bundles at the global scale, and the extent to which these bundles are robust across different social-ecological systems and within different biogeographical realms.

Here, we examine whether coherent bundles emerge from a set of 25 ecosystem property and service indicators across regional mountain, island and delta systems around the world. We analyse differences between bundle composition and correlation structure based on system, latitude and biome. We find consistent bundles broadly representing ‘food’, ‘productivity’ and biodiversity ‘intactness/soil’ ecosystem properties and services emerge across mountains, islands and deltas globally. These bundles show strong positive correlations internally, and consistent negative correlations between ‘food’ services and ‘intactness/soil’ ecosystem properties across bundles. The bundles weakened at higher latitudes and individual biomes where the division between ecosystem properties and services broke down. In sum, while islands, mountains and deltas are distinct social-ecological systems, we found ecosystem bundles robustly described synergies and trade-offs between ecosystem services across these systems. This suggests that bundling has a role in simplifying wider scale interactions between humans and ecosystem services.

全球山区、岛屿和三角洲系统出现了一致的生态系统服务束
生态系统服务通常被单独分析,但它们之间以及它们所处的社会生态系统之间是相互交织的。因此,生态系统服务包(即共同出现的生态系统服务集)可用于简化自然与社会之间的复杂关系,进而帮助人们理解。鉴于地方环境对捆绑的重要性,通常在地方到区域范围内对捆绑进行研究,但更大范围的分析可能有助于突出更广泛的生态系统服务平衡,从而实现可持续管理。然而,生态系统服务之间的关系是否强大到足以在全球范围内描述连贯的服务包,以及这些服务包在不同的社会生态系统和不同的生物地理领域内的稳健程度,这些都仍不确定。在此,我们研究了全球各区域山地、岛屿和三角洲系统中的一组 25 个生态系统属性和服务指标是否产生了连贯的服务包。我们分析了基于系统、纬度和生物群落的束组成和相关结构之间的差异。我们发现,在全球山区、岛屿和三角洲中出现了大致代表 "食物"、"生产力 "和生物多样性 "完好性/土壤 "生态系统属性和服务的一致组合。这些包的内部显示出很强的正相关性,而 "食物 "服务和 "完好性/土壤 "生态系统特性在不同包之间显示出一致的负相关性。在纬度较高的地区和个别生物群落,生态系统属性和服务之间的分界被打破,束的作用减弱。总之,虽然岛屿、山脉和三角洲是不同的社会生态系统,但我们发现生态系统捆绑有力地描述了这些系统中生态系统服务之间的协同作用和权衡。这表明,捆绑可简化人类与生态系统服务之间更广泛的互动。
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来源期刊
Ecosystem Services
Ecosystem Services ECOLOGYENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES&-ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
CiteScore
14.90
自引率
7.90%
发文量
109
期刊介绍: Ecosystem Services is an international, interdisciplinary journal that is associated with the Ecosystem Services Partnership (ESP). The journal is dedicated to exploring the science, policy, and practice related to ecosystem services, which are the various ways in which ecosystems contribute to human well-being, both directly and indirectly. Ecosystem Services contributes to the broader goal of ensuring that the benefits of ecosystems are recognized, valued, and sustainably managed for the well-being of current and future generations. The journal serves as a platform for scholars, practitioners, policymakers, and other stakeholders to share their findings and insights, fostering collaboration and innovation in the field of ecosystem services.
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