What are the key strategies for a successful and fair energy transition for all? Multi-criteria assessment of isolated case studies in São Paulo

Abstract

Despite ongoing efforts, resource depletion and climate change continue to aggravate inequality. How can energy initiatives contribute to a more sustainable and equal society? This work aims to identify the challenges and opportunities facing neglected Brazilian communities in achieving fair energy transitions. Indigenous and traditional communities are field-assessed through site visits and stakeholder interviews. Appropriate energy generation options and consumption reduction strategies are identified. These alternatives are qualitatively evaluated using the Resource Complete Potential Assessment, a multi-criteria decision method encompassing techno-economic, environmental, social and political perspectives. Results highlight the importance of reliable, safe and clean energy in preserving fragile ecosystems and fortifying cultural identity and territorial resistance. While informal grid connections lack security and motivation for energy reduction, solar home systems offer empowerment opportunities and stimulate responsible consumption. However, it is necessary to strengthen regulatory and financial policies and establish an institutional commitment that guarantees adequate technical and training support.