{"title":"Microsatellites reveal high levels of genetic admixture in the natural populations of Laurus azorica, Lauraceae","authors":"","doi":"10.1007/s00606-023-01888-6","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<h3>Abstract</h3> <p><em>Laurus</em> (Lauraceae) species are currently restricted to isolated refugia in the southern Black Sea, Mediterranean Basin, southern Morocco, and Macaronesian archipelagos. One to three species of <em>Laurus</em> has been recognized: the Azorean endemic <em>Laurus azorica</em>, <em>L. nobilis</em> from the Mediterranean, and <em>L. novocanariensis</em> from Madeira and the Canary Islands. This study aims to determine the population structure, genetic diversity, and associated patterns of gene flow within and between Azorean populations, using eight existing SSR markers. We also included plant material from <em>L. nobilis</em> populations found in the Azores, for comparison. Amplification was performed in 212 samples of <em>L. azorica</em> and in 30 samples of <em>L. nobilis</em>. For <em>L. azorica</em>, 78 alleles were amplified (average 9.75 alleles per loci). Bayesian analysis with STRUCTURE unveiled five genetic groups for the Azorean accessions, with high level of genetic admixture. Genetic diversity was generally high, with moderate levels of genetic differentiation among <em>L. azorica</em> populations. Moreover, high gene flow levels, likely mediated by past human translocations and naturally, by birds, might have contributed to the high level of genetic admixture observed possibly reflecting hybridization events between <em>L. nobilis</em> and <em>L. azorica</em>. Conservation measures should be applied to some populations of São Miguel, Santa Maria, and Flores Islands, based on the number of private alleles, and further, ad hoc translocation events should be avoided. Conservation in situ and the preservation of laurel forest remains are recommended. The study of this species’ taxonomy, genetics, and population dynamics in the Macaronesian region should be continued.</p>","PeriodicalId":20187,"journal":{"name":"Plant Systematics and Evolution","volume":"62 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5000,"publicationDate":"2024-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Plant Systematics and Evolution","FirstCategoryId":"99","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00606-023-01888-6","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q4","JCRName":"EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Laurus (Lauraceae) species are currently restricted to isolated refugia in the southern Black Sea, Mediterranean Basin, southern Morocco, and Macaronesian archipelagos. One to three species of Laurus has been recognized: the Azorean endemic Laurus azorica, L. nobilis from the Mediterranean, and L. novocanariensis from Madeira and the Canary Islands. This study aims to determine the population structure, genetic diversity, and associated patterns of gene flow within and between Azorean populations, using eight existing SSR markers. We also included plant material from L. nobilis populations found in the Azores, for comparison. Amplification was performed in 212 samples of L. azorica and in 30 samples of L. nobilis. For L. azorica, 78 alleles were amplified (average 9.75 alleles per loci). Bayesian analysis with STRUCTURE unveiled five genetic groups for the Azorean accessions, with high level of genetic admixture. Genetic diversity was generally high, with moderate levels of genetic differentiation among L. azorica populations. Moreover, high gene flow levels, likely mediated by past human translocations and naturally, by birds, might have contributed to the high level of genetic admixture observed possibly reflecting hybridization events between L. nobilis and L. azorica. Conservation measures should be applied to some populations of São Miguel, Santa Maria, and Flores Islands, based on the number of private alleles, and further, ad hoc translocation events should be avoided. Conservation in situ and the preservation of laurel forest remains are recommended. The study of this species’ taxonomy, genetics, and population dynamics in the Macaronesian region should be continued.
摘要 月桂科（Laurus）物种目前仅限于黑海南部、地中海盆地、摩洛哥南部和马卡罗内斯群岛的孤立栖息地。目前已确认的月桂属植物有一至三个：亚速尔群岛特有的 Laurus azorica、地中海的 L. nobilis 以及马德拉群岛和加那利群岛的 L. novocanariensis。本研究旨在利用现有的八个 SSR 标记，确定亚速尔种群内部和种群之间的种群结构、遗传多样性以及相关的基因流动模式。我们还加入了亚速尔群岛发现的 L. nobilis 种群的植物材料进行比较。我们对 212 份亚速尔群岛的 L. azorica 样本和 30 份 L. nobilis 样本进行了扩增。在 L. azorica 中，共扩增出 78 个等位基因（平均每个位点 9.75 个等位基因）。利用 STRUCTURE 进行的贝叶斯分析揭示了亚速尔群岛样本的五个遗传组，遗传混杂程度较高。遗传多样性普遍较高，L. azorica 种群间的遗传分化程度适中。此外，过去的人类迁移和鸟类的自然迁移可能导致基因高度流动，这可能反映了 L. nobilis 和 L. azorica 之间的杂交事件。应根据私有等位基因的数量，对圣米格尔岛、圣玛丽亚岛和弗洛里斯岛的一些种群采取保护措施，并应进一步避免特别的迁移事件。建议就地保护和保存月桂树林遗迹。应继续研究该物种在马卡罗内斯地区的分类、遗传和种群动态。
期刊介绍：
Plant Systematics and Evolution is an international journal dedicated to publication of peer-reviewed original papers and reviews on plant systematics in the broadest sense. The journal aims to bridge the specific subject areas in plant systematics and evolution, encompassing evolutionary, phylogenetic, genomic and biogeographical studies at the population and higher taxonomic levels. Taxonomic emphasis is on all land plant groups in a wide sense, including fungi and lichens.
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