The Lifetime of Sunspot

IF 0.7 4区地球科学 Q4 GEOCHEMISTRY & GEOPHYSICS

Geomagnetism and Aeronomy Pub Date : 2024-01-15 DOI:10.1134/S0016793223080236

A. G. Tlatov

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Abstract

The lifetime of individual solar pores and sunspots is analyzed according to the data of the HMI/SDO space observatory observations in the 24th and 25th activity cycles. It is found that the lifetime of individual sunspots and pores T differs from the Gnevyshev–Waldmeier rule formulated for groups of sunspots. For regular sunspots, that is, spots with nuclei, there is a linear dependence on the maximum area S_mx: T_sp = –0.019(±0.2) + 0.027(±0.002)S_mx. For solar pores, the dependence of the lifetime on the area has a logarithmic form T_por = –0.24(±0.1) + 0.055(±0.014) log(S_mx). Possible mechanisms of disintegration of spots and pores are studied. The lifetime for regular spots is probably related to convective currents. It has been established that the average velocity of the matter flow, determined from observations of Doppler velocities, increases with a decrease in the area of sunspots. This can accelerate the decay rate of sunspots with a decrease in the area of sunspots. For solar pores, the lifetime can be determined by the heating mechanism.

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太阳黑子的一生

摘要根据HMI/SDO空间观测站在第24和25个活动周期的观测数据，分析了单个太阳孔隙和太阳黑子的寿命。研究发现，单个太阳黑子和孔隙的寿命 T 与为太阳黑子群制定的 Gnevyshev-Waldmeier 规则不同。对于规则的太阳黑子，即有核的黑子，其寿命与最大面积 Smx 呈线性关系：Tsp = -0.019(±0.2) + 0.027(±0.002)Smx.对于太阳孔，寿命与面积的关系为对数形式：Tpor = -0.24(±0.1) + 0.055(±0.014) log(Smx)。对斑点和孔隙的可能分解机制进行了研究。规则光斑的寿命可能与对流有关。根据多普勒速度观测结果确定，物质流的平均速度随着太阳黑子面积的减小而增加。这可能会随着太阳黑子面积的减少而加快太阳黑子的衰减速度。对于太阳孔隙，其寿命可以通过加热机制来确定。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Geomagnetism and Aeronomy Earth and Planetary Sciences-Space and Planetary Science

CiteScore

1.30

自引率

33.30%

发文量

审稿时长

4-8 weeks

期刊介绍： Geomagnetism and Aeronomy is a bimonthly periodical that covers the fields of interplanetary space; geoeffective solar events; the magnetosphere; the ionosphere; the upper and middle atmosphere; the action of solar variability and activity on atmospheric parameters and climate; the main magnetic field and its secular variations, excursion, and inversion; and other related topics.