Insights into the evolution of the eucalypt CER1 and CER3 genes involved in the synthesis of alkane waxes

IF 1.9 3区生物学 Q2 FORESTRY

Tree Genetics & Genomes Pub Date : 2024-01-15 DOI:10.1007/s11295-023-01637-3

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

The genes ECERIFERUM1 (CER1) and ECERIFERUM3 (CER3) encode the biosynthesis of alkane waxes, a key component of the plant cuticle. To study the evolution of CER1 and CER3 in a highly diverse group of eucalypts, we performed a genome-wide survey using recently released genome assemblies of 28 Myrtaceae species, with 22 species from the main eucalypt lineage and 6 non-eucalypt Myrtaceae tree species. We manually annotated 250 genes and pseudogenes, identifying a near-ubiquitous single copy of CER3 and 2 to 10 CER1 gene copies per Myrtaceae species. Phylogenetic analysis suggested that copy number variation in eucalypts is due to multiple tandem duplication events, both ancient (shared by all Myrtaceae species studied) and relatively recent (present only in eucalypts). Inter-chromosomal translocations were discovered for both CER1 and CER3, along with recurrent loss of often the same CER1 introns in the WAX2 domain, the domain that is essential for wax production. Despite the varied environments occupied by the eucalypt species in this study, we did not find statistically significant associations between intra-genic structural changes or CER1 copy number and aspects of the environment they occupy (including aridity). The challenge is now to explain the species-specific evolutionary histories that contributed to the observed variation in CER1 and the extent to which it may contribute to the adaptability of eucalypts.

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参与烷蜡合成的桉树 CER1 和 CER3 基因进化的启示

摘要 ECERIFERUM1（CER1）和ECERIFERUM3（CER3）基因编码植物角质层的关键成分烷蜡的生物合成。为了研究 CER1 和 CER3 在高度多样化的桉树群中的进化，我们利用最近发布的 28 个桃金娘科树种的基因组组装进行了全基因组调查，其中 22 个树种来自桉树主脉，6 个树种为非桉树的桃金娘科树种。我们人工注释了 250 个基因和假基因，发现每个桃金娘科物种几乎都有一个 CER3 基因拷贝和 2 到 10 个 CER1 基因拷贝。系统发育分析表明，桉树的拷贝数变异是由多个串联重复事件引起的，这些事件既有古老的（所有研究的桃金娘科物种共有），也有相对较新的（仅存在于桉树中）。在 CER1 和 CER3 的染色体间发现了易位，同时还发现在 WAX2 结构域中经常出现相同的 CER1 内含子缺失，而 WAX2 结构域是蜡生产的关键。尽管本研究中的桉树物种所处的环境各不相同，但我们并没有发现基因内结构变化或 CER1 拷贝数与它们所处环境的各个方面（包括干旱）之间存在统计学意义上的显著关联。现在的挑战是如何解释导致观察到的 CER1 变异的物种特异性进化史，以及它在多大程度上可能有助于提高桉树的适应性。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Tree Genetics & Genomes 生物-林学

CiteScore

4.40

自引率

4.20%

发文量

审稿时长

2 months

期刊介绍： Tree Genetics and Genomes is an international, peer-reviewed journal, which provides for the rapid publication of high quality papers covering the areas of forest and horticultural tree genetics and genomics. Topics covered in this journal include: Structural, functional and comparative genomics Evolutionary, population and quantitative genetics Ecological and physiological genetics Molecular, cellular and developmental genetics Conservation and restoration genetics Breeding and germplasm development Bioinformatics and databases Tree Genetics and Genomes publishes four types of papers: (1) Original Paper (2) Review (3) Opinion Paper (4) Short Communication.