Identification of potential microbial risk factors associated with fecal indicator exceedances at recreational beaches.

IF 6.2 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 GENETICS & HEREDITY
Faizan Saleem, Enze Li, Thomas A Edge, Kevin L Tran, Herb E Schellhorn
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Background: Fecal bacterial densities are proxy indicators of beach water quality, and beach posting decisions are made based on Beach Action Value (BAV) exceedances for a beach. However, these traditional beach monitoring methods do not reflect the full extent of microbial water quality changes associated with BAV exceedances at recreational beaches (including harmful cyanobacteria). This proof of concept study evaluates the potential of metagenomics for comprehensively assessing bacterial community changes associated with BAV exceedances compared to non-exceedances for two urban beaches and their adjacent river water sources.

Results: Compared to non-exceedance samples, BAV exceedance samples exhibited higher alpha diversity (diversity within the sample) that could be further differentiated into separate clusters (Beta-diversity). For Beach A, Cyanobacterial sequences (resolved as Microcystis and Pseudanabaena at genus level) were significantly more abundant in BAV non-exceedance samples. qPCR validation supported the Cyanobacterial abundance results from metagenomic analysis and also identified saxitoxin genes in 50% of the non-exceedance samples. Microcystis sp and saxitoxin gene sequences were more abundant on non-exceedance beach days (when fecal indicator data indicated the beach should be open for water recreational purposes). For BAV exceedance days, Fibrobacteres, Pseudomonas, Acinetobacter, and Clostridium sequences were significantly more abundant (and positively correlated with fecal indicator densities) for Beach A. For Beach B, Spirochaetes (resolved as Leptospira on genus level) Burkholderia and Vibrio sequences were significantly more abundant in BAV exceedance samples. Similar bacterial diversity and abundance trends were observed for river water sources compared to their associated beaches. Antibiotic Resistance Genes (ARGs) were also consistently detected at both beaches. However, we did not observe a significant difference or correlation in ARGs abundance between BAV exceedance and non-exceedance samples.

Conclusion: This study provides a more comprehensive analysis of bacterial community changes associated with BAV exceedances for recreational freshwater beaches. While there were increases in bacterial diversity and some taxa of potential human health concern associated with increased fecal indicator densities and BAV exceedances (e.g. Pseudomonas), metagenomics analyses also identified other taxa of potential human health concern (e.g. Microcystis) associated with lower fecal indicator densities and BAV non-exceedances days. This study can help develop more targeted beach monitoring strategies and beach-specific risk management approaches.

确定与休闲海滩粪便指标超标有关的潜在微生物风险因素。
背景:粪便细菌密度是海滩水质的代用指标,海滩行动值(BAV)超标会影响海滩的张贴决定。然而,这些传统的海滩监测方法并不能全面反映与休闲海滩 BAV 值超标相关的微生物水质变化(包括有害蓝藻)。这项概念验证研究评估了元基因组学在全面评估与两个城市海滩及其邻近河流水源的 BAV 超标相关的细菌群落变化方面的潜力:与未超标样本相比,BAV 超标样本表现出更高的α多样性(样本内部的多样性),并可进一步区分为不同的群集(β多样性)。qPCR 验证支持了元基因组分析得出的蓝藻丰度结果,并在 50%的非超标样本中发现了沙西毒素基因。微囊藻和沙希毒素基因序列在非超标海滩日(排泄物指标数据表明海滩应开放供水上娱乐活动时)更为丰富。在 BAV 超标日,海滩 A 的纤维细菌、假单胞菌、醋氨曲霉和梭状芽孢杆菌序列明显较多(且与粪便指标密度呈正相关);在海滩 B,BAV 超标样本中螺毛菌(在属级上解析为钩端螺旋体)、伯克霍尔德氏菌和弧菌序列明显较多。与相关海滩相比,在河水水源中也观察到了类似的细菌多样性和丰度趋势。在这两个海滩上还持续检测到抗生素耐药基因 (ARG)。但是,我们没有观察到 BAV 超标样本与未超标样本之间在 ARGs 丰度方面存在明显差异或相关性:本研究对与淡水休闲海滩 BAV 超标相关的细菌群落变化进行了更全面的分析。虽然细菌多样性有所增加,一些与排泄物指标密度增加和 BAV 超标有关的潜在人类健康问题分类群(如假单胞菌)也有所增加,但元基因组学分析还发现了与排泄物指标密度降低和 BAV 非超标天数有关的其他潜在人类健康问题分类群(如微囊藻)。这项研究有助于制定更有针对性的海滩监测策略和海滩风险管理方法。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
Environmental Microbiome
Environmental Microbiome Immunology and Microbiology-Microbiology
CiteScore
7.40
自引率
2.50%
发文量
55
审稿时长
13 weeks
期刊介绍: Microorganisms, omnipresent across Earth's diverse environments, play a crucial role in adapting to external changes, influencing Earth's systems and cycles, and contributing significantly to agricultural practices. Through applied microbiology, they offer solutions to various everyday needs. Environmental Microbiome recognizes the universal presence and significance of microorganisms, inviting submissions that explore the diverse facets of environmental and applied microbiological research.
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