Wood Substitute Material from Coconut Shell Waste and Green Adhesive

Q3 Environmental Science
Ariya Watcharawitthaya, Natee Srisawat, S. Chiarakorn
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

This research aimed to utilise coconut shell waste as a raw material to produce compressed coconut shell sheets by using environmentally friendly adhesive from epoxidized natural latex and gelatinized tapioca starch. The coconut shells were cut into 1-mm particles and mixed with the adhesive. The mixture was then compressed in a 30×30×0.5 cm mould using a hydraulic compression machine at 5 MPa and 170°C for 5 minutes to form a compressed coconut shell sheet. The different ratios of adhesive to coconut shell particles (30, 40, and 50 g) per 100 g of coconut shell and the different ratios of gelatinized tapioca starch and epoxidized natural rubber (ranging from 1:0, 1:1, 2:1, 3:1, to 4:1 by weight) were examined. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) were employed to analyse the morphology and chemical composition of the coconut shell sheets, respectively. The physical and mechanical properties of the compressed coconut shell sheets were evaluated based on the Thai Industrial Standard (TIS) number 876-2547 for flat pressed particleboards. The results demonstrate successful production of compressed coconut shell sheets from coconut shell waste using the environmentally friendly adhesive. ENR played a role in networking between lignin and cellulose. While GTS improved the strength of the composite using hydrogen bonding. The optimal ratio of adhesive to coconut shell particles was 40 g of the green adhesive per 100 g of coconut shell. The optimal ratio of gelatinized tapioca starch to epoxidized natural rubber was 2:1 by weight. The coconut shell sheets produced from this study were uniform in shape, had unique textures, and met industry standards for wood substitute materials.
椰壳废料和绿色胶粘剂的木材替代材料
本研究旨在利用椰壳废料作为原材料,使用由环氧天然乳胶和胶化木薯淀粉制成的环保型粘合剂生产压缩椰壳薄片。椰子壳被切割成 1 毫米的颗粒,并与粘合剂混合。然后使用液压压缩机在 5 兆帕和 170 摄氏度的条件下将混合物在 30×30×0.5 厘米的模具中压缩 5 分钟,形成压缩椰壳薄片。研究了每 100 克椰子壳中粘合剂与椰子壳颗粒的不同比例(30、40 和 50 克),以及胶化木薯淀粉与环氧化天然橡胶的不同比例(重量比从 1:0、1:1、2:1、3:1 到 4:1)。扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和傅立叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)分别用于分析椰壳薄片的形态和化学成分。根据泰国工业标准(TIS)第 876-2547 号关于平压刨花板的规定,对压缩椰壳板的物理和机械性能进行了评估。结果表明,使用环保型粘合剂成功地利用椰子壳废料生产出了压缩椰子壳板材。ENR 在木质素和纤维素之间的网络中发挥了作用。而 GTS 则利用氢键提高了复合材料的强度。粘合剂与椰壳颗粒的最佳比例为每 100 克椰壳含 40 克绿色粘合剂。胶化木薯淀粉与环氧化天然橡胶的最佳重量比为 2:1。本研究生产的椰壳薄片形状均匀,纹理独特,符合木质替代材料的行业标准。
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来源期刊
Environment and Natural Resources Journal
Environment and Natural Resources Journal Environmental Science-Environmental Science (all)
CiteScore
1.90
自引率
0.00%
发文量
49
审稿时长
8 weeks
期刊介绍: The Environment and Natural Resources Journal is a peer-reviewed journal, which provides insight scientific knowledge into the diverse dimensions of integrated environmental and natural resource management. The journal aims to provide a platform for exchange and distribution of the knowledge and cutting-edge research in the fields of environmental science and natural resource management to academicians, scientists and researchers. The journal accepts a varied array of manuscripts on all aspects of environmental science and natural resource management. The journal scope covers the integration of multidisciplinary sciences for prevention, control, treatment, environmental clean-up and restoration. The study of the existing or emerging problems of environment and natural resources in the region of Southeast Asia and the creation of novel knowledge and/or recommendations of mitigation measures for sustainable development policies are emphasized. The subject areas are diverse, but specific topics of interest include: -Biodiversity -Climate change -Detection and monitoring of polluted sources e.g., industry, mining -Disaster e.g., forest fire, flooding, earthquake, tsunami, or tidal wave -Ecological/Environmental modelling -Emerging contaminants/hazardous wastes investigation and remediation -Environmental dynamics e.g., coastal erosion, sea level rise -Environmental assessment tools, policy and management e.g., GIS, remote sensing, Environmental -Management System (EMS) -Environmental pollution and other novel solutions to pollution -Remediation technology of contaminated environments -Transboundary pollution -Waste and wastewater treatments and disposal technology
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