An Assessment of the Viability of Haematological and Haemostatic Parameters of Blood under certain Storage Conditions at the Rivers State University Teaching Hospital Blood Bank in Port Harcourt, Nigeria

Abstract

Introduction: Despite significant advances in transfusion medicine, concerns about the inherent risks of blood transfusion persist, even under optimal temperature and duration of storage. This makes the evaluation of blood viability a global task (1). Maintenance of adequate temperature is considered a key factor in the viability and quality of stored blood in healthcare institutions. Evaluating the haematological and haemostatic functionality of blood elements at different storage temperature and duration is therefore imperative for improving patient care and resource utilization in Rivers State University Teaching Hospital (RSUTH) blood bank in Port Harcourt. Methods: In this cohort study design, a total of sixteen (16) male and female blood donors in equal proportion of sex and ABO blood groups were randomly selected from the Port Harcourt blood donors' population and recruited as study subjects for this research. A well-structured questionnaire and the immunoassays were used to assess the donors' health and serological status respectively. Also the sample obtained were analayzed by automation and data statistically analyzed using ANOVA. Results: The results of this study shows a statistically significant decrease in white blood cell count from 4.93×109/L ± 0.33 to 2.79×109/L ± 1.68 (p=0.00) and platelet count from 227.38×109/L ± 32.17 to 153.75×109/L ± 58.39 (p=0.00) at day 7. Also, a significant decrease in platelet count from 227.38×109/L ± 32.17 to 141.50±60.92 at day 14. A significant decrease in Fibrinogen from 340.75mg/L±18.69 to 281.2575 mg/L ±46.41 at day 1 and day 14 respectively, and rise in PT and aPTT from 17.02s ±1.28 to 24.31s ±6.67 and 41.25s±3.23 to 46.63s±6.28 at day 14th to day 21 respectively (p=0.00). Conclusion and Implications for Translation: Pooled plasma at 4-60C contain clinically significant amount of coagulation factors up to day 21 in storage. The WBC and platelet is lost within seven day of storage at 4-60C. Lower temperatures, especially freezing at -60°C accelerate the loss of haematological viability of blood especially the depletion of white blood cells and platelets (p=0.00). Antihaemophilic factor and fibrinogen is maintained in FFP at 180 day in storage at -600C.