Evaluation of fungicidal efficacy of free and nano-encapsulated chitosan against Aspergillus flavus isolated from rice (Oryza sativa) seed

Ife Journal of Science Pub Date : 2024-01-07 DOI:10.4314/ijs.v25i3.3

M. Aremu, M. Adebola, C. E. Egwim, M. Salaudeen

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Abstract

Grains are exposed to contamination by mycotoxins, both in the field and during storage. Aflatoxins produced by Aspergillus species are the most harmful and carcinogenic mycotoxins in grains. Synthetic fungicides are widely used for the control of mycotoxigenic fungi in grains. However, rising public awareness about the toxicological effects of fungicides on human health necessitates the development of non-toxic bio-fungicides. In this connection, reports have shown that chitosan synthesized from shell waste has the potential to serve as an alternative fungicide. Therefore, this study investigated the fungicidal efficacy of free and nano-encapsulated chitosan against aflatoxigenic fungus (Aspergillus flavus). High molecular weight chitosan was purchased, and the in-vitro antifungal efficacy of chitosan against A. flavus was tested using the food poisoning method. Nano-encapsulated chitosan was synthesized using the ionic gelation method, the particle size was determined, and invitro inhibition against A. flavus was investigated. The results revealed that nano-encapsulated chitosan with particle sizes of 525.4 nm, 468.3 nm, and 711.7 nm were obtained. In-vitro mycelial A. flavus growth inhibition of 100% was recorded at 1.5% and 2.0% of free chitosan, while at 0.5% and 1.0% of free chitosan, 45% and 75% inhibition were observed, respectively. Nano-encapsulated chitosan with particle size (nm) of 525.4, 468.3, and 711.7 at 0.50% recorded 61%, 84% and 87% inhibition, respectively. However, at 0.25%, the rate of inhibition was 64%, 78% and 67%, respectively. This study showed that free chitosan and nano-encapsulated chitosan are potential antifungal agents for the control of A. flavus.

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评估游离壳聚糖和纳米包囊壳聚糖对从水稻（Oryza sativa）种子中分离出的黄曲霉菌的杀菌效果

谷物在田间和储存过程中都会受到霉菌毒素的污染。曲霉菌产生的黄曲霉毒素是谷物中最有害的致癌霉菌毒素。合成杀菌剂被广泛用于控制谷物中的霉菌毒素。然而，随着公众对杀菌剂对人体健康毒害作用的认识不断提高，有必要开发无毒的生物杀菌剂。在这方面，有报告显示，从贝壳废料中合成的壳聚糖具有作为替代杀真菌剂的潜力。因此，本研究调查了游离壳聚糖和纳米包囊壳聚糖对黄曲霉菌的杀菌效果。研究人员购买了高分子量壳聚糖，并采用食物中毒法测试了壳聚糖对黄曲霉菌的体外抗真菌功效。利用离子凝胶法合成了纳米胶囊壳聚糖，测定了其粒径，并研究了其对黄曲霉的体外抑制作用。结果表明，纳米壳聚糖的粒径分别为 525.4 nm、468.3 nm 和 711.7 nm。游离壳聚糖含量为 1.5% 和 2.0% 时，体外黄曲霉菌丝生长抑制率为 100%；游离壳聚糖含量为 0.5% 和 1.0% 时，抑制率分别为 45% 和 75%。粒径（纳米）分别为 525.4、468.3 和 711.7 的纳米壳聚糖在 0.50%的抑制率分别为 61%、84% 和 87%。但在 0.25% 的条件下，抑制率分别为 64%、78% 和 67%。这项研究表明，游离壳聚糖和纳米包囊壳聚糖是控制黄曲霉的潜在抗真菌剂。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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Ife Journal of Science

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