Multi-objective crashworthiness optimization for a newly developed 3D re-entrant auxetic structure using response surface method and MOPSO algorithm

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering Pub Date : 2024-01-09 DOI:10.1177/09544070231221015

Majid Lotfi, Abolfazl Masoumi

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Abstract

With the quick advancement of the vehicle industry, attention to automobile safety has increased. Crash boxes, which are placed in front of the side rails, play an essential role in preventing much damage to the front part of the car and also protecting passengers. Improving and optimizing these crash boxes’ energy absorption properties is necessary. In this study, a new structure of three-dimensional re-entrant auxetic has been presented for use as a crash box. Quasi-static uniaxial loading has been investigated experimentally and numerically. With the validation of the numerical simulation, the response surface method was implemented to investigate the value and type of different parameters’ effect on peak load and specific absorbed energy. Variables of the base and re-entrant strut thicknesses ( t1) and ( t2), the length of the base to re-entrant strut ( L/H), and the re-entrant angle ( θ) were considered in three levels. Through ANOVA analysis in Design-Expert software, it was found that the parameters t2 and θ had the highest effect on the peak load, energy absorption, specific energy absorption, and mean crashing force responses. With the increasing of t2 and θ, all responses increase and decrease, respectively. Also, multi-objective optimization based on minimum peak load and maximum specific energy absorption was performed by the desirability function method in Design-Expert software and the Multi-Objective Particle Swarm Optimization (MOPSO) algorithm. The proposed optimized structure exhibits enhanced energy absorption when compared to the optimized cylindrical auxetic structure and the thin-walled circular structure within the peak load range below 80 kN. Therefore, the proposed structure due to low peak load, uniformity collapse in the force-displacement diagrams, and stability of the structure during compression loading, can be used as the crash box.

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利用响应面法和 MOPSO 算法对新开发的三维重入式辅助结构进行多目标耐撞性优化

随着汽车工业的快速发展，人们对汽车安全的关注度也越来越高。防撞箱安装在侧护栏前方，在防止汽车前部严重受损和保护乘客方面发挥着至关重要的作用。改进和优化这些防撞箱的能量吸收性能十分必要。本研究提出了一种可用作防撞箱的新型三维重入式辅助结构。对准静态单轴载荷进行了实验和数值研究。在数值模拟验证的基础上，采用响应面法研究了不同参数的值和类型对峰值载荷和比吸收能量的影响。基座和再入支柱厚度（t1）和（t2）、基座到再入支柱的长度（L/H）以及再入角(θ)这三个变量被分为三个级别。通过 Design-Expert 软件的方差分析发现，参数 t2 和 θ 对峰值载荷、能量吸收、比能量吸收和平均碰撞力响应的影响最大。随着 t2 和 θ 的增大，所有响应分别增大和减小。此外，还利用 Design-Expert 软件中的可取函数法和多目标粒子群优化（MOPSO）算法进行了基于最小峰值载荷和最大比能量吸收的多目标优化。在低于 80 kN 的峰值载荷范围内，与优化的圆柱形辅助结构和薄壁圆形结构相比，拟议的优化结构具有更强的能量吸收能力。因此，所提出的结构由于峰值载荷低、力-位移图中的均匀塌陷以及压缩载荷时结构的稳定性，可用作碰撞箱。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering

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