A comparison of the effects of green tea and cocoa on glycaemic control and insulin sensitivity in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Q3 Medicine

Nutrition and Healthy Aging Pub Date : 2024-01-09 DOI:10.3233/nha-230204

Hind Mesfer S. Alkhudaydi, Jeremy P.E. Spencer

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is among the most frequent chronic diseases in virtually all countries, posing a global health threat. Therefore, Preventive interventions are critical for reducing the enormous burden of diabetes. Flavanols may assist people with metabolic disorders to maintain glucose homeostasis by inhibiting digestive enzymes and glucose transporters. Green Tea (GT) and cocoa have gotten much attention since their flavanols are high. OBJECTIVES: To investigate the effects of polyphenols from GT and cocoa (>4 weeks) on reducing the incidence of complications and improving glycaemic control and insulin sensitivity in adult patients with T2DM through outcomes Fasting Blood Glucose (FBG), Fasting Blood Insulin (FBI), Haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) and Homeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR). METHODOLOGY: An electronic research programme was applied, using different databases (including Web of Science, PubMed/Medline, Scopus, and Cochrane Reviews) to find studies that have evaluated the impact of polyphenols from GT and cocoa on reducing the incidence of complications and improving glycaemic control and insulin sensitivity in adult patients with T2DM. Articles published between 2005 and 2021 in English were selected. RESULTS: 15 and 7 studies involved 738 participants on GT (348 male/390 female). In contrast, the ones focused on cocoa had 331 participants (83 male/ 248 female) with T2DM aged 18–65 years, and a BMI range of 25–34.9 kg/m2 was identified and included in the present review. 43 and 27% of studies were low-risk bias in cocoa and GT, respectively. The results of the meta-analysis showed no significant difference in FBG levels following GT and cocoa consumption compared to the control group (SMD: –0.08; 95% CI: –0.43 to 0.28; P = 0.68 and SMD: –0.65; 95% CI, –1.40 to 0.10; P = 0.09, respectively). Also, the results showed no significant difference for GT and cocoa intervention (SMD: 0.18; 95% CI: –0.27 to 0.64; P = 0.43 and SMD: –0.80; 95% CI: –1.92 to 0.31; P = 0.16, respectively). In addition, the results of the HbA1c analysis showed no significant reduction after GT and cocoa consumption (SMD: –0.41; 95% CI: –0.85 to 0.03; P = 0.07 and SMD, –0.37; 95% CI, –0.77 to 0.04; P = 0.08, respectively). There was no evidence that GT and cocoa interventions effectively improved HOMA-IR (SMD: 0.02; 95% CI: –0.16 to 0.20; P = 0.80 and SMD, –1.65; 95% CI, –3.77 to 0.46; P = 0.13, respectively CONCLUSION: The evidence shows that the short-term administration of cocoa and GT did not significantly reduce the FBG, FBI, HbA1c, and HOMA-IR levels in adult patients with T2DM.

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绿茶和可可对 2 型糖尿病患者血糖控制和胰岛素敏感性影响的比较：系统综述和荟萃分析

背景：2 型糖尿病（T2DM）是几乎所有国家最常见的慢性疾病之一，对全球健康构成威胁。因此，预防性干预措施对于减轻糖尿病的巨大负担至关重要。黄烷醇可以通过抑制消化酶和葡萄糖转运体来帮助代谢紊乱患者维持葡萄糖稳态。绿茶（GT）和可可因含有大量黄烷醇而备受关注。目的通过空腹血糖 (FBG)、空腹血胰岛素 (FBI)、血红蛋白 A1c (HbA1c) 和胰岛素抵抗的稳态模型评估 (HOMA-IR)，研究绿茶和可可中的多酚（>4 周）对降低 T2DM 成年患者的并发症发生率、改善血糖控制和胰岛素敏感性的影响。方法：采用电子研究计划，使用不同的数据库（包括 Web of Science、PubMed/Medline、Scopus 和 Cochrane Reviews）来查找评估 GT 和可可中的多酚对降低 T2DM 成年患者并发症发生率、改善血糖控制和胰岛素敏感性的影响的研究。研究选取了 2005 年至 2021 年间发表的英文文章。结果：分别有 15 项和 7 项研究涉及 738 名 GT 患者（348 名男性/390 名女性）。相比之下，关注可可的研究有331名参与者（83名男性/248名女性），T2DM患者年龄在18-65岁之间，BMI范围在25-34.9 kg/m2之间。可可和 GT 分别有 43% 和 27% 的研究存在低风险偏差。荟萃分析结果显示，与对照组相比，食用 GT 和可可后的 FBG 水平无显著差异（SMD：-0.08；95% CI：-0.43 至 0.28；P = 0.68 和 SMD：-0.65；95% CI，-1.40 至 0.10；P = 0.09）。结果还显示，GT 和可可干预没有明显差异（SMD：0.18；95% CI：-0.27 至 0.64；P = 0.43 和 SMD：-0.80；95% CI：-1.92 至 0.31；P = 0.16）。此外，HbA1c 分析结果显示，食用 GT 和可可后 HbA1c 没有显著降低（SMD：-0.41；95% CI：-0.85 至 0.03；P = 0.07 和 SMD：-0.37；95% CI：-0.77 至 0.04；P = 0.08）。没有证据表明GT和可可干预能有效改善HOMA-IR（分别为SMD：0.02；95% CI：-0.16至0.20；P = 0.80和SMD，-1.65；95% CI，-3.77至0.46；P = 0.13 结论：证据显示，短期服用可可和GT并不能显著降低T2DM成年患者的FBG、FBI、HbA1c和HOMA-IR水平。

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来源期刊

Nutrition and Healthy Aging Agricultural and Biological Sciences-Food Science

CiteScore

1.70

自引率

0.00%

发文量

期刊介绍： Nutrition and Healthy Aging is an international forum for research on nutrition as a means of promoting healthy aging. It is particularly concerned with the impact of nutritional interventions on the metabolic and molecular mechanisms which modulate aging and age-associated diseases, including both biological responses on the part of the organism itself and its micro biome. Results emanating from both model organisms and clinical trials will be considered. With regards to the latter, the journal will be rigorous in only accepting for publication well controlled, randomized human intervention trials that conform broadly with the current EFSA and US FDA guidelines for nutritional clinical studies. The journal will publish research articles, short communications, critical reviews and conference summaries, whilst open peer commentaries will be welcomed.