Prospect of Nano-Enabled Optical Biosensors for Antibiotic Abuse Surveillance as an Early Prevention Tool for Antimicrobial Resistance

Abstract

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in humans is driven by pragmatic contagion diagnostics and incessant inadvertent antibiotics abuse (AB). The state-of-the-art AB monitoring involves developing nanomaterials-enabled optical biosensors with prompt and precise detection efficacy. This prospect highlights the diversified optical biosensors, including SPR, SERS, and fluorescent and colorimetric biosensors, for efficiently detecting AB. It also elaborates the fundamentals, challenges, potential alternatives, and prospects associated with these optical biosensing strategies for detecting AB as an effective AMR prevention/monitoring strategy. This will serve as a roadmap for future research and development dedicated to nano-enabled-optical biosensors for AMR monitoring through AB detection at community/individual sources.