Environmental and hormonal control of body-color polyphenism in Patanga japonica (Orthoptera, Acrididae): Effects of substrate color, crowding, temperature and [His7]-corazonin injection

IF 1 Q3 ENTOMOLOGY
Seiji Tanaka, Takumi Kayukawa
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Patanga japonica (Bolívar) shows various body colors in the field. Most nymphs are green in the summer, but some develop non-green colors, such as yellow, white, brown, reddish, and black, in the fall. Nymphs individually reared in white, yellow-green, and black containers showed green, light-green, white, and reddish body colors, and the substrate color significantly influenced the proportions of green nymphs. A few individuals developed black spots and patterns, and such individuals were most frequently observed in the black containers. Nymphs with distinct black patterns were observed when reared in a group of five individuals per container, and the proportion of such individuals varied slightly depending on the brightness of the substrate color. Singly kept nymphs that were allowed to see five other nymphs in another container turned darker than those that were only allowed to see an empty container, suggesting that visual stimuli without mechanical stimulation induced black patterns. In outdoor cages, nymphs tended to develop more pronounced black patterns during their last instar when the hatching date was delayed and the temperature during the later stages of development was decreased. The effect of temperature during the late stadia was tested by transferring a group of third-stadium nymphs from outdoor cool conditions to a high temperature, while other nymphs were continuously maintained outdoors. Markedly melanized individuals were observed in the outdoor cage, whereas the appearance of such individuals was strongly suppressed at a high temperature. Green nymphs injected with synthetic [His7]-corazonin developed black patterns after ecdysis to the following instars and to the adult stage, and some looked indistinguishable in body color from group-reared nymphs. Nymphs injected with this hormone developed black patterns even at a high temperature. Adults looked similar in body coloration with some variation. Their hindwings turned reddish after overwintering. These results demonstrate that P. japonica exhibits body-color pholyphenism.
Patanga japonica(直翅目,吖啶科)体色多态性的环境和激素控制:基质颜色、拥挤程度、温度和注射[His7]-corazonin的影响
Patanga japonica(Bolívar)在田间呈现出不同的体色。大多数若虫在夏季是绿色的,但有些若虫在秋季会出现非绿色的体色,如黄色、白色、棕色、淡红色和黑色。在白色、黄绿色和黑色容器中单独饲养的若虫体色有绿色、浅绿色、白色和淡红色,基质颜色对绿色若虫的比例有显著影响。少数个体出现黑色斑点和花纹,这些个体在黑色容器中最常见。当每个容器中饲养 5 只若虫时,可观察到带有明显黑色花纹的若虫,这些若虫的比例因基质颜色的亮度而略有不同。单独饲养的若虫如果能看到另一个容器中的其他五只若虫,则比只能看到空容器的若虫颜色更深,这表明视觉刺激而非机械刺激会诱发黑色花纹。在室外笼中,当孵化日期推迟和发育后期温度降低时,若虫在最后一龄往往会出现更明显的黑色花纹。通过将一组第三阶段的若虫从室外低温环境转移到高温环境,同时将其他若虫持续放在室外,测试了后期阶段温度的影响。在室外笼子中观察到了明显黑色化的个体,而在高温条件下这些个体的出现受到了强烈抑制。注射了合成[His7]-corazonin的绿色若虫在蜕皮后到随后的蜕皮期和成虫期都会出现黑色花纹,有些若虫的体色与群体饲养的若虫没有区别。注射了这种激素的若虫即使在高温下也会出现黑色花纹。成虫的体色看起来相似,但也有一些差异。它们的后翅在越冬后变成淡红色。这些结果表明日本鸦雀具有体色多色性。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
Journal of Orthoptera Research
Journal of Orthoptera Research Agricultural and Biological Sciences-Insect Science
CiteScore
1.90
自引率
25.00%
发文量
20
审稿时长
12 weeks
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