Collaborative metabolisms of urea and cyanate degradation in marine anammox bacterial culture

IF 5.1 Q1 ECOLOGY
M. Oshiki, Emi Morimoto, Kanae Kobayashi, H. Satoh, Satoshi Okabe
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Abstract

Anammox process greatly contributes to nitrogen loss occurring in oceanic oxygen minimum zones (OMZs), where the availability of NH4+ is scarce as compared with NO2-. Remineralization of organic nitrogen compounds including urea and cyanate (OCN-) into NH4+ has been believed as an NH4+ source of the anammox process in OMZs. However, urea- or OCN-- dependent anammox has not been well examined due to the lack of marine anammox bacterial culture. In the present study, urea and OCN- degradation in a marine anammox bacterial consortium were investigated based on 15N-tracer experiments and metagenomic analysis. Although a marine anammox bacterium, Candidatus Scalindua sp., itself was incapable of urea and OCN- degradation, urea was anoxically decomposed to NH4+ by the coexisting ureolytic bacteria (Rhizobiaceae, Nitrosomonadaceae, and/or Thalassopiraceae bacteria), whereas OCN- was abiotically degraded to NH4+. The produced NH4+ was subsequently utilized in the anammox process. The activity of the urea degradation increased under microaerobic condition (ca. 32 – 42 μM dissolved O2, DO), and the contribution of the anammox process to the total nitrogen loss also increased up to 33.3% at 32 μM DO. Urea-dependent anammox activities were further examined in a fluid thioglycolate media with a vertical gradient of O2 concentration, and the active collaborative metabolism of the urea degradation and anammox was detected at the lower oxycline (21 μM DO).
海洋厌氧细菌培养中尿素和氰酸盐降解的协同代谢
氨氧化过程在很大程度上造成了海洋最小含氧区(OMZs)的氮损失,因为与二氧化氮(NO2-)相比,海洋最小含氧区的 NH4+很少。包括尿素和氰酸盐(OCN-)在内的有机氮化合物再矿化成 NH4+,一直被认为是 OMZs 中 Anammox 过程的 NH4+来源。然而,由于缺乏海洋厌氧细菌培养,尿素或 OCN-依赖性厌氧还没有得到很好的研究。本研究基于 15N 示踪剂实验和元基因组分析,对海洋厌氧细菌群中的尿素和 OCN 降解进行了研究。虽然一种海洋厌氧细菌(Candidatus Scalindua sp.)本身不能降解尿素和 OCN-,但共存的尿素分解菌(Rhizobiaceae、Nitrosomonadaceae 和/或 Thalassopiraceae 细菌)可将尿素缺氧分解为 NH4+,而 OCN- 则可非生物降解为 NH4+。产生的 NH4+ 随后在厌氧过程中被利用。在微氧条件下(溶解氧约为 32 - 42 μM),尿素降解活性增加,在溶解氧为 32 μM 时,氨氧化过程对总氮损失的贡献率也增加到 33.3%。在具有氧气浓度垂直梯度的流体硫代乙酸盐培养基中,进一步检测了尿素依赖性氨氧化活动,在较低的氧氯(21 μM DO)条件下,检测到尿素降解和氨氧化的活跃协同代谢。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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