CBDC, cash, and financial intermediary in HANK

IF 2.6 4区 经济学 Q1 ECONOMICS
Yujie Yang, Chenxing Zhang, Wenwen Hou
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Abstract

The introduction of interest-bearing Central Bank Digital Currency (CBDC) presents central banks with an additional instrument for implementing monetary policy. This article develops a Heterogeneous Agents New Keynesian model, incorporating financial frictions, to investigate the transmission mechanism and wealth distribution effects of digital currency interest rate from two distinct perspectives: (i) the interaction between the central bank and financial intermediaries and (ii) the substitution dynamics between cash and digital currency. By comparing models that include and exclude financial intermediaries, our research uncovers that in a society where CBDC is fully implemented, the reverse actions of financial intermediaries can hinder the efficacy of the central bank’s monetary policy and result in elevated costs associated with policy formulation. Additionally, the leverage effect of financial intermediaries exacerbates wealth inequality and contributes to the expansion of investment, thereby promoting an increase in economic output. Comparing societies where CBDC entirely replaces cash with those where CBDC coexists alongside cash, this paper demonstrates that the presence of cash mitigates significant economic fluctuations triggered by CBDC, while the complete elimination of cash amplifies wealth inequality. Consequently, it is crucial for the central bank to account for the behavior of financial intermediaries when adjusting digital currency interest rate and explore the development of an appropriate interest rate mechanism tailored to digital currency. Simultaneously, maintaining cash circulation for a specific period can act as an economic stabilizer.

Abstract Image

汉卡的 CBDC、现金和金融中介机构
带息中央银行数字货币(CBDC)的推出为中央银行提供了实施货币政策的额外工具。本文建立了一个包含金融摩擦的异质代理新凯恩斯主义模型,从两个不同的角度研究数字货币利率的传导机制和财富分配效应:(i) 中央银行与金融中介机构之间的互动;(ii) 现金与数字货币之间的替代动态。通过比较包含和不包含金融中介机构的模型,我们的研究发现,在全面实施 CBDC 的社会中,金融中介机构的反向行为会阻碍中央银行货币政策的有效性,并导致政策制定的相关成本上升。此外,金融中介机构的杠杆效应会加剧财富不平等,并有助于扩大投资,从而促进经济产出的增加。本文比较了银行间数据交换完全取代现金的社会与银行间数据交换与现金并存的社会,结果表明,现金的存在可减轻银行间数据交换引发的重大经济波动,而完全取消现金则会扩大财富不平等。因此,中央银行在调整数字货币利率时,必须考虑金融中介机构的行为,并探索制定适合数字货币的利率机制。同时,在特定时期维持现金流通可以起到稳定经济的作用。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
3.40
自引率
7.70%
发文量
21
期刊介绍: The Portuguese Economic Journal publishes high-quality theoretical, empirical, applied or policy-oriented research papers on any field in economics. We enforce a rigorous, fair and prompt refereeing process. The geographical reference in the name of the journal only means that the journal is an initiative of Portuguese scholars. There is no bias in favour of particular topics and issues.Officially cited as: Port Econ J
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