Application of Acid Protease for Eco-friendly Pre-treatment of Goat Skin to Improve Antimicrobial Finish Using Herbal Natural Extracts

IF 0.6 4区 工程技术 Q4 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED
Mona Vajpayee, Mumal Singh, Hemen Dave, Lalita Ledwani
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Abstract

Due to its moisture retention capacity and huge surface area, leather is highly prone to microbial proliferation and biodeterioration; hence, leather products desired have an antimicrobial finish. In this study, acid protease enzyme pre-treatment of goat skin was utilized as an eco-friendly substitute for conventional wet-chemical processing. The treatment can impart the desired surface properties to improve the antimicrobial finish with natural extracts obtained from leaves of Azadirachta indica (Neem Tree), Ocimum sanctum (Holy Basil, Tulsi), and Camellia sinensis (Green Tea). The procedure was optimized for different process parameters, including enzyme concentration, pH, material to liquor ratio (MLR), treatment time, and temperature. The effect of the treatment on bulk and surface properties of the skin was characterized by weight loss analysis, X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Thermal Gravimetric Analysis (TGA), and Attenuated Total Reflectance Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), Water contact angle measurement, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) respectively. The effect of the enzymatic treatment on organoleptic properties and the mechanical strength of the skin was also studied. The enzymatic treatment resulted in weight loss, and removal of non-collagen components, thus opening the fibrous collagen matrix of the skin. Hence, the skin treated with acid protease enzyme provides better affinity and accessibility for phytoactive compounds from the natural extracts and better attachment by electrostatic attachment due to an increase in surface functional groups after the enzymatic treatment compared to untreated skin. The effectiveness of the antimicrobial finish was measured as a zone of inhibition and with a modified Hohenstein test against test microorganisms E. coli and S. aureus.Azadirachta indica (Neem Tree) extract showed the highest inhibitory activity (97%) against E. coli, while the Ocimum sanctum (Holy Basil, Tulsi) extract exhibited the highest inhibitory activity (95%) against S. aureus.
应用酸性蛋白酶对山羊皮进行环保型预处理,利用草药天然提取物改善抗菌效果
由于皮革的保湿能力和巨大的表面积,它极易受到微生物增殖和生物劣化的影响;因此,皮革制品需要具有抗菌表面效果。本研究利用酸性蛋白酶酶预处理山羊皮,作为传统湿化学处理的环保型替代品。这种处理方法可赋予皮革所需的表面特性,从而利用从印度楝树、圣檀(圣罗勒、图尔西)和山茶(绿茶)叶中提取的天然提取物改善皮革的抗菌表面效果。该程序针对不同的工艺参数进行了优化,包括酶浓度、pH 值、料液比 (MLR)、处理时间和温度。分别通过失重分析、X 射线衍射(XRD)、热重力分析(TGA)、衰减全反射傅立叶变换红外光谱(ATR-FTIR)、X 射线光电子能谱(XPS)、水接触角测量、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)来表征处理对表皮的体积和表面特性的影响。此外,还研究了酶处理对表皮感官特性和机械强度的影响。酶处理导致重量减轻,非胶原成分被去除,从而打开了皮肤的纤维胶原基质。因此,与未经处理的皮肤相比,经过酸性蛋白酶处理的皮肤对天然提取物中的植物活性化合物具有更好的亲和力和可及性,并且由于酶处理后表面官能团的增加,静电附着性更好。楝树提取物对大肠杆菌的抑制活性最高(97%),而圣罗勒(Ocimum sanctum)提取物对金黄色葡萄球菌的抑制活性最高(95%)。
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来源期刊
Journal of The American Leather Chemists Association
Journal of The American Leather Chemists Association 工程技术-材料科学:纺织
CiteScore
1.30
自引率
33.30%
发文量
29
审稿时长
3 months
期刊介绍: The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association publishes manuscripts on all aspects of leather science, engineering, technology, and economics, and will consider related subjects that address concerns of the industry. Examples: hide/skin quality or utilization, leather production methods/equipment, tanning materials/leather chemicals, new and improved leathers, collagen studies, leather by-products, impacts of changes in leather products industries, process efficiency, sustainability, regulatory, safety, environmental, tannery waste management and industry economics.
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