Indonesian migrant workers: a socio-economic analysis with regard to the integrated services practice implementation

Abstract

The research aims to reveal policies in labour migration in providing job placement services, economic, legal, and social protection. The novelty in the research is to provide an academic argument so that the management of the placement of The Welfare of the Indonesian Migrant Workers (TKI) becomes a priority for each region, not even considering this as a trivial and secondary issue, eliminating the budget, not preparing competent resources in their field. This research was conducted using the qualitative descriptive method in various regions in Indonesia that have and do not have integrated services (ISs). The data was obtained by observing the areas of North Sumatra, Bali, West Nusa Tenggara, and East Nusa Tenggara. Immigration has led to the practice of daily trips for employment, the diversification of the income pattern of the village, the capitalization of the land and housing of the village, the transformation of the productive foundations of the village, and the penetration of lack of motivation in engaging in agricultural activities. The benefit of the existence of integrated services is the reduction of the number of illegal migrant workers departures. However, North Sumatra Province does not yet have an integrated services and only uses the Ministry of Manpower application. The existence of integrated services in the regions has become ineffective because the internet network is not supported, and human resources are inadequate. The ineffectiveness of the services provided can result in Indonesian irregular migrant workers being very vulnerable to becoming victims of exploitation abroad.