Trichomonas vaginalis: diagnosis of a forgotten sexually transmitted infection

Abstract

Trichomonas vaginalis is the protozoan parasite causative of one of the curable sexually transmitted infections that shows the highest annual incidence worldwide. However, the diagnostic methods most frequently used, are not sensitive enough and therefore, a large percentage of cases are not detected, especially in asymptomatic people. These traditional tests are not fast enough, and most of them are not suitable for carrying out diagnosis in men, with the consequent aggravation of the situation. In the last decades, new diagnostic techniques for trichomoniasis have been developed, which show much more acceptable sensitivity and specificity values, making it possible to reduce the time to diagnosis. Accordingly, their implementation could lead to a result in a few hours and thus, facilitate the start of treatment in those cases in which it is needed. In this framework, a bibliographic review of the most relevant techniques is carried out in the present work, including tests that are available for diagnosis in men, as well as for the detection of co-infections, highlighting their usefulness and both the advantages and disadvantages of each one.