Cognitive Complications of Type 1 Diabetes: A Narrative Review Study

Abstract

Background and Objectives Type 1 diabetes (T1D), which is generally known as insulin-dependent diabetes, is caused by insulin deficiency due to the destruction of pancreatic beta cells of the immune system and usually occurs in the early stages of life.The aim of this study was to investigate cognitive disorders caused by type 1 diabetes. Subjects and Methods In this review study, the studies on functional and cognitive complications of T1D were searched in Google Scholar and PubMed databases using the keywords type 1 diabetes, cognitive function, hyperglycemia, hypoglycemia, physical activity, nutrition, and glycemic control. Results The findings indicated the possibility of cognitive complications in people with T1D in all ages, and the severity and risk of these complications are related to aging and the presence of diabetic complications such as hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia in the long term. Conclusion It is recommended to use cognitive-behavioral interventions, improve nutrition and physical activity, and use blood sugar monitoring and control, along with drug treatment, to prevent or improve cognitive complications in T1D patients.