Snacking Patterns of Filipino Children: Frequency and Contribution to Energy and Dietary Intakes

Q3 Multidisciplinary
Michael Serafico, Eva A Goyena, Josie Platon-Desnacido, Apple Joy D. Ducay
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Abstract

Snacking can be defined as eating outside the three main meals in a day, regardless of the amount or type of foods consumed. Snacking patterns vary between developing and developed countries, and across nations around the globe. Utilizing data from the Philippine ENNS collected in 2018 and 2019, the authors were able to determine the distribution and frequency of snacking among Filipino children, the type of snack foods consumed, and the contribution of snack foods to their energy and dietary intakes. Results revealed that around 70% of Filipino children consume snacks once a day, usually as afternoon snacks.Moreover, consumption of snack foods decreases as the age of children increases. The snack foods frequently consumed are pastries and cookies, bread, crackers, and biscuits, along with sugar-sweetened beverages – with an average energy intake of 300.0 kcal from snack foods. Snack foods contributed 31.2% of the total daily energy intake for Filipino children aged 3–5 yr old, 25.1% in 6–9 yr old, and 21.6% in 10–12 yr old. The nutrient content of the snack foods ranged from 29.5–46.7 g protein, 295.4–347.8 mcg RE vitamin A, 5.4–7.7 mg iron, and 272.3–381.7 mg calcium. More than half of Filipino children consumed snack foods at least once a day, with a higher proportion of snackers meeting the recommended energy intakes and estimated average requirements than non-snackers. However, the promotion of healthy snack choices such as fruits and vegetables and other nutrient-dense foods needs to be strengthened. Findings support the need to develop guidance on healthy snacking among Filipino children and represent a key target for food and nutrition policies to improve the dietary quality of snacks in this population.
菲律宾儿童的零食模式:频率以及对能量和膳食摄入量的贡献
零食可定义为一日三餐之外的进食,无论进食量多少或食物种类如何。发展中国家和发达国家之间以及全球不同国家之间的零食模式各不相同。作者利用 2018 年和 2019 年收集的菲律宾 ENNS 数据,确定了菲律宾儿童吃零食的分布和频率、所吃零食的类型以及零食对其能量和膳食摄入量的贡献。结果显示,约70%的菲律宾儿童每天吃一次零食,通常作为下午茶。经常食用的零食有糕点和饼干、面包、薄脆饼干和饼干,以及含糖饮料--从零食中摄入的能量平均为 300.0 千卡。在菲律宾 3-5 岁儿童每天摄入的总能量中,零食占 31.2%,6-9 岁儿童占 25.1%,10-12 岁儿童占 21.6%。零食的营养成分为 29.5-46.7 克蛋白质、295.4-347.8 微克 RE 维生素 A、5.4-7.7 毫克铁和 272.3-381.7 毫克钙。半数以上的菲律宾儿童每天至少食用一次零食,与不食用零食的儿童相比,食用零食的儿童达到推荐能量摄入量和估计平均需求量的比例较高。然而,需要加强推广健康的零食选择,如水果、蔬菜和其他营养丰富的食物。研究结果表明,有必要制定菲律宾儿童健康零食指南,这也是食品和营养政策改善菲律宾儿童零食饮食质量的一个重要目标。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
Philippine Journal of Science
Philippine Journal of Science Multidisciplinary-Multidisciplinary
CiteScore
1.20
自引率
0.00%
发文量
55
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