The effect of orthodontic treatment with and without tooth extraction on stomatognathic function

Abstract

Extraction commonly used in orthodontic treatment with crowding teeth. However, the total functional effect caused by extrac-tion and orthodontic treatment remains unclear. This study is aimed to explain the effect of orthodontic treatment with and with-out extraction procedures on dental morphology and masticatory function. The study was conducted using a cross-sectional study design, consisting of pre- and post-treatment groups (25 cases of extraction and 22 cases of non-extraction); and the long-itudinal study consisted of 23 extraction cases and 3 non-extraction cases. Morphological and functional recording was carried out with several assessments, including irregularity index values, masticatory efficiency, number of occlusal contacts, and EMG analysis. Cross sectional, irregularity index showed a significant decrease in malocclusion (p<0.005). There was no significant change in masticatory efficiency. The occlusal contacts of extraction cases (A and C) tend to increase. The activity of the tem-poral (T) muscle was greater than that of the masseter (M) on EMG analysis. Almost all the results from the longitudinal stu-dies support the results from the cross-sectional studies. Results showed functional data immediately after extraction and amidst dynamic treatment decreased with occlusion instability. Both extraction and non-extraction cases improved morphologically and functionally after orthodontic treatment. It can be concluded that extraction of 4 premolars is not always associated with a negative impact on stomatognathic function when proper orthodontic treatment is performed after extraction.