“Black and Red Laughter”: Subverting Whiteness in Hemingway’s The Torrents of Spring

Elena Zolotariov
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Abstract

Abstract:This essay examines how Ernest Hemingway’s The Torrents of Spring satirizes the primitivist movement and subverts racial, national and gender stereotypes in his depiction of White Americans and Native Americans. It argues that Hemingway challenges the purported supremacy of Whiteness and stability of a normative national identity, while also undercutting generalized assumptions about Native Americans. It moreover probes the connection between David Garnett’s A Man in the Zoo and Hemingway’s novella to show Hemingway’s early inversions of the male gaze in relation to performances of manhood and Whiteness. It concludes that The Torrents of Spring is not a simple parody of the primitivist movement, but a complex and nuanced satire that reflects the author’s early engagement with the formation and subversion of dominant ideas about national identity in the modernist era.
"黑与红的笑声海明威《滔滔春水》中的白人颠覆
摘要:本文探讨了海明威的《春之滂沱》如何讽刺原始主义运动,并在描写美国白人和美国原住民时如何颠覆种族、民族和性别方面的陈规陋习。该书认为,海明威挑战了所谓的白人至高无上的地位和规范的民族身份的稳定性,同时也削弱了对美国原住民的普遍假设。此外,该书还探究了戴维-加内特的《动物园里的人》与海明威的长篇小说之间的联系,以展示海明威早期在表现男子气概和白人身份时对男性凝视的反转。该书的结论是,《春之滂沱》并不是对原始主义运动的简单模仿,而是一部复杂而微妙的讽刺作品,反映了作者早期对现代主义时代民族身份主流观念的形成和颠覆的参与。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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