The Javanese Cultural Identity Consciousness and Nationalism in Yogyakarta Early 20th Century

Abstract

This study aims to reconstruct the emergence of Javanese nationalism that developed in the early 20th century. The problems raised are: (1) Why did Javanese nationalism appear in Yogyakarta? and (2) How did Javanese nationalism in the thoughts and movements of the Yogyakarta aristocrats? The method used is the historical method. The analysis uses the nationalism approach developed by Ernest Renan, which states that the capital for establishing a nation-state is historical and cultural similarities. The research results show that the Yogyakarta Theosophy branch brought cultural consciousness to the rich Javanese past. The consciousness developed Javanese nationalism in three forms: political movements, pedagogy, and andragogy. In the political movement, there was an attempt to form a Javanese nation-state under the leadership of Suryokusumo. Ki Hadjar Dewantara founded the Tamansiswa College, which developed students' personalities according to their talents and culture origin. On the other hand, Suryomentaram propagated the Javanese andragogy.