The Effect of Household Water Purification Devices on the Physicochemical and Microbiological Quality of Water in Iran: A Review

Abstract

Access to clean water is one of the primary and essential needs of humans in terms of its physical, chemical, and biological properties. Every year, many people die from water-borne diseases. Household water treatment devices play a significant role on supplying water needed by different countries. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of these household water purification devices on the physical, chemical, and microbiological quality of water in different cities of Iran. This review has used different databases in Iran and Iranian studies in other international databases. Studies that did not investigate the characteristics of water were excluded, and the studies passed the quality criteria of this review as well as its data were analyzed. The studies showed that the average concentration of water parameters such as total hardness, alkalinity, dissolved oxygen, sulfate, and nitrate in the output water of these devices had decreased. Also, residual chlorine in the outlet water of all samples was lower than the standard value. To use household water purification devices, in addition to considering the benefits of using these devices, we should also pay attention to the reduction of physicochemical and microbiological quality of water.