Spray Characteristics Analysis of Fire Sprinkler Spray with Image Processing

Saemi Bang, Taehoon Kim
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Abstract

Sprinkler systems are effective in suppressing fires during their initial stages. The ability of a sprinkler to suppress a fire is contingent on the density, size, and velocity of the droplets it emits. In this study, a high-speed camera was employed to measure the size and velocity of droplets generated by a sprinkler head with a K-factor of 80. To capture images of the sprinkler spray, two acrylic partitions were placed 3 cm apart, with the sprinkler head positioned in the center. A light source was positioned behind the spray, and images were recorded at a resolution of 1024 × 1024 pixels and a speed of 4000 fps. During the image processing phase, bounding circles were drawn using the mean of the major and minor axes of the droplets, and these circles were used to calculate the diameter, velocity, and momentum of the droplets. It was observed that smaller droplets were predominantly present closer to the sprinkler head, while larger droplets were more prevalent in regions farther away. The larger droplets exhibited higher velocities and momentum. As the vertical distance increased, droplet velocity and momentum also increased, primarily due to the influence of gravity.
利用图像处理分析消防水喷淋管道的喷水特性
自动喷水灭火系统能在火灾初期有效灭火。水喷淋灭火的能力取决于其喷出的水滴的密度、大小和速度。在这项研究中,我们使用了一台高速摄像机来测量 K 系数为 80 的洒水喷头所产生水滴的大小和速度。为了捕捉洒水喷头的图像,两块丙烯酸隔板相距 3 厘米,洒水喷头位于中间。光源位于喷头后方,以 1024 × 1024 像素的分辨率和 4000 fps 的速度记录图像。在图像处理阶段,利用液滴主轴和次轴的平均值绘制边界圆,并利用这些圆计算液滴的直径、速度和动量。据观察,较小的液滴主要出现在离喷头较近的区域,而较大的液滴则更多地出现在较远的区域。较大的液滴表现出较高的速度和动量。随着垂直距离的增加,液滴的速度和动量也在增加,这主要是由于重力的影响。
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