The Essence of Freedom in Orthodoxy

A. Kosichenko
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Abstract

Human freedom is one of the most important concepts in both philosophy and theology. If philosophy in the understanding of freedom focuses on the issues of the correlation of freedom and necessity, then Orthodox theology asserts that freedom is a gift of God to man at his creation. Thus, according to Orthodoxy, freedom is initially rooted in man, and cannot be lost by him under any circumstances; it can be damaged and deformed, but not taken away from man. Freedom is damaged by sinful actions and thoughts of a person; sin, according to Orthodox teaching, makes a person unfree. Whether to sin or avoid sin is in the will of man; therefore, he is fully responsible for his life. Apparently, human freedom comes into conflict with God’s predestination about man, but this conflict is resolved in Orthodoxy through the free acceptance of the will of God by man, as a good will and directed to the spiritual prosperity of man. The sin created by man can be redeemed by repentance, as sincere repentance and a firm intention not to sin anymore, with the subsequent realization of this intention. Repentance restores freedom to man in its original sense and restores the unity of man and God.
东正教的自由本质
人的自由是哲学和神学中最重要的概念之一。如果说哲学对自由的理解侧重于自由与必然性的关联问题,那么东正教神学则主张自由是上帝在创造人类时赐予人类的礼物。因此,东正教认为,自由最初植根于人,人在任何情况下都不会失去自由;自由可以被破坏和变形,但不能被剥夺。人的罪恶行为和思想会损害自由;根据东正教教义,罪恶会使人失去自由。是犯罪还是避免犯罪取决于人的意志;因此,人要对自己的生活负全部责任。显然,人的自由与上帝对人的宿命发生了冲突,但在东正教中,这一冲突通过人自由接受上帝的意志得到了解决,上帝的意志是善意的,是指向人的精神繁荣的。人所犯下的罪可以通过忏悔得到救赎,即真诚的忏悔和不再犯罪的坚定意愿,以及随后对这一意愿的实现。悔改恢复了人原本意义上的自由,恢复了人神合一。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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