Consonant and vowel rounding: Same acoustics, different visuals

Baichen Du, Alexandra Pfiffner, Keith Johnson
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Abstract

The phonological feature [±round] is normally associated with vowels, but this feature is also relevant for some consonant contrasts, such as the retroflex/non-retroflex sibilant contrast in Mandarin. One might assume that contrastive lip rounding would be the same gesture for consonants and vowels within language. However, because similar acoustic results can be achieved through different articulations, we hypothesize that the exact parameters of rounding might be variable for different segment types. An audiovisual production experiment was conducted with 30 Mandarin native speakers. Subjects produced 35 words with sibilants onsets (retroflexes /ʂ, ʈʂ, ʈʰ/, alveolars /s, ts, tsʰ/, palatoalveolars /ɕ, tɕ, tɕʰ/), and 40 words with high-front rounded/unrounded nuclei (/i/ and /y/). We found robust individual variation and that consonants and vowels were characterized with different visual properties: /y/ had small aperture in both vertical and horizontal directions and therefore smaller lip opening area than in /i/, while retroflexes had smaller horizontal but larger vertical apertures than alveolars or palatals. Acoustical consequences of rounding were similar: both spectral Center of Gravity and F1–F4 were lowered compared to unrounded counterparts, indicating that the same phonological feature may have multiple visual/articulatory correlates.
辅音和元音变圆:声音相同,视觉不同
语音特征[±圆]通常与元音有关,但这一特征也与某些辅音对比有关,如普通话中的后翘/非后翘咝声对比。人们可能会认为,在语言中,辅音和元音的对比性圆唇手势是相同的。然而,由于不同的发音可以达到相似的声学效果,我们假设不同音段类型的圆唇的确切参数可能是不同的。我们对 30 位以普通话为母语的人进行了视听发音实验。受试者发出了 35 个带咝声母起始音的单词(后鼻音 /ʂ、ʈʂ、ʈʰ/,副鼻音 /s、ts、tsʰ/,腭副鼻音 /ɕ、tɕ、tɕʰ/),以及 40 个带高前圆核/非圆核(/i/ 和 /y/)的单词。我们发现个体差异很大,辅音和元音具有不同的视觉特性:与/i/相比,/y/在垂直和水平方向上的孔径都较小,因此唇开口面积也较小,而与齿龈音或腭音相比,后元音的水平孔径较小,但垂直孔径较大。圆音的声学后果也类似:与未圆音相比,重心谱和 F1-F4 都降低了,这表明同一语音特征可能具有多种视觉/发音相关性。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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