An Investigation of the Chemical Composition of Bottom Sediments from Dried Lake Gavur of Türkiye by Using XRF and Multivariate Data Analysis

IF 1 Q3 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES
Muhammet Topuz, M. Keskin, Murat Karabulut, Nurgül KARLIOĞLU KILIÇ
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Abstract

Lake sediments offer valuable information about the geographical, climatic and environmental changes. This work examined the chemical elements of eleven sediment samples from the old bottom (0-5m; 0.5m increments) of the dried Lake Gavur in Türkiye by applying XRF along with PCA and PLSR data analyses. The highest but negative correlations were observed for Sr (-0.89), S+SO3 (-0.74) and Zr+ZrO2 (-0.61) with sampling depths meaning that their concentrations were lower in deeper locations (4.0-5.0 m). In contrast, Ti+TiO2 (0.60), Al+Al2O3 (0.53) and Cu+CuO (0.51) had high and positive correlations and their quantities increased as the depth increased. The age of two samples was determined as 4752±33 BP years (2.5 m) and 5470±35 BP (5.0 m). Ca+CaO content was found as lower and Ti+TiO was higher in the deeper sediment (5.0 m) indicating rainy periods. PCA clustered the samples into two groups as deeper samples (4.0-5.0 m) and other samples (0.0-3.5m) while PLSR grouped them into three clusters as deeper (4.0-5.0 m), medium-depth (1.5-3.5 m) and shallower (0.0-1.0m) samples. PLSR model had a good performance to estimate the sampling depth from the chemical elements (R2cal=0.95; R2val=0.67) which means that the variations of the chemicals were highly dependent on the sampling depth.
利用 XRF 和多元数据分析对土耳其干涸的加武尔湖湖底沉积物化学成分的研究
湖泊沉积物提供了有关地理、气候和环境变化的宝贵信息。这项研究通过应用 XRF 以及 PCA 和 PLSR 数据分析,对来自土耳其干涸的加武尔湖老湖底(0-5 米;0.5 米增量)的 11 个沉积物样本进行了化学元素检测。观察到 Sr (-0.89)、S+SO3 (-0.74) 和 Zr+ZrO2 (-0.61) 与采样深度的相关性最高,但呈负相关,这意味着其浓度在较深位置(4.0-5.0 米)较低。相比之下,Ti+TiO2 (0.60)、Al+Al2O3 (0.53) 和 Cu+CuO (0.51) 具有较高的正相关性,并且其数量随着深度的增加而增加。两个样品的年龄分别为 4752±33 BP 年(2.5 米)和 5470±35 BP 年(5.0 米)。在较深的沉积物(5.0 米)中,Ca+CaO 含量较低,Ti+TiO 含量较高,这表明该沉积物处于多雨时期。PCA 将样本分为两组,即较深样本(4.0-5.0 米)和其他样本(0.0-3.5 米),而 PLSR 则将样本分为三组,即较深(4.0-5.0 米)、中等深度(1.5-3.5 米)和较浅(0.0-1.0 米)。PLSR 模型在根据化学元素估算采样深度方面表现良好(R2cal=0.95;R2val=0.67),这说明化学元素的变化与采样深度有很大关系。
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来源期刊
gazi university journal of science
gazi university journal of science MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES-
CiteScore
1.60
自引率
11.10%
发文量
87
期刊介绍: The scope of the “Gazi University Journal of Science” comprises such as original research on all aspects of basic science, engineering and technology. Original research results, scientific reviews and short communication notes in various fields of science and technology are considered for publication. The publication language of the journal is English. Manuscripts previously published in another journal are not accepted. Manuscripts with a suitable balance of practice and theory are preferred. A review article is expected to give in-depth information and satisfying evaluation of a specific scientific or technologic subject, supported with an extensive list of sources. Short communication notes prepared by researchers who would like to share the first outcomes of their on-going, original research work are welcome.
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