Manifestations of dry eye syndrome in children with type 1 diabetes depending on the level of glycated hemoglobin

Abstract

Introduction. Diabetes mellitus is one of the serious diseases that leads not only to restrictions on physical activity, but also changes the social and psychological spheres of life of patients. The purpose of the studyis to evaluate the results of functional methods for studying tear production function in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus. Materials and methods of research. The study included 240 children registered at the Children's City Endocrinology Center in Almaty. There were 133 boys (55.42 %), 107 girls (44.58 %). The examined children were divided into 6 groups depending on the level of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c). The control group consisted of 52 people. All patients were assessed for the severity of blockage of the breast ducts, the state of total tear production (Schirmer test 1), the state of the tear meniscus (biometry of the tear meniscus), the time of tear film rupture, and the state of the conjunctiva. Patients with dry eye syndrome were prescribed softdrops and the dynamics of the process were monitored. Research results. In patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus, in 69.6 % of cases there were manifestations of breast dysfunction of varying severity. From 17 % to 39.8 % of patients in the main groups had manifestations of hyperemia and 28 % mild conjunctival edema, which is clinically a sign of the presence of an irritating factor, possibly due to an increase in tear hyperosmolarity. The Schirmer test showed a decrease in tear secretion function, a decrease in tear film rupture and a decrease in the level of menisci in comparison with the control. The use of softdrops eye drops helps to stabilize the tear film, increase tear secretion and tear production functions in children with signs of dry eye syndrome due to type 1 diabetes mellitus. These studies should be taken into account when prescribing pathogenetic therapy for the correction of dry eye syndrome in these groups of patients. Keywords: diabetes mellitus, ophthalmological manifestations of diabetes mellitus, dry eye syndrome, dry eye disease