Hepatitis B vaccination in patients with stage 4/5 chronic kidney disease – a scoping review

Abstract

Aim This scoping review aims to identify and map the extent of published literature on Hepatitis B vaccination in stage 4/5 chronic kidney disease (CKD) and dialysis patients, the availability of standardised practice guidelines, the optimal CKD stage to commence the vaccination for efficient response, and seroconversion rate. Background Hepatitis B vaccination remains ‘standard-of-care’ in the haemodialysis (HD) population despite immunological challenges. CKD patients have decreasing immunity as the disease progresses, prompting further research to investigate the response of Hepatitis B vaccination in earlier stages of CKD for better response rate prior