焦點解決短期諮商對高中生問題解決態度之成效研究

Abstract

本研究目的旨在了解焦點解決短期諮商（SFBC）對高中生問題解決態度之輔導成效，包含其主觀經驗變化及輔導效果。本研究採質性資料為主、量化資料為輔的混合研究設計。研究對象為八位北部高一學生，分為實驗組與控制組，實驗組接受 5 至 6次 SFBC。控制組則於諮商結束時及一個月後，接受約一小時的半結構式個別訪談，訪談資料以樣本分析法進行分析。在諮商前、後及諮商後一個月，所有研究對象皆接受「問題解決態度量表（PSAI）」的施測，並採 Wilcoxon 符號等級檢定進行分析。研究結果分為：第一部份，實驗組在諮商後及諮商一個月後之主觀經驗，於問題解決整體態度以及認知、自信、逃避取向上，皆有不同向度與程度的正向變化，尤以自信取向最多。第二部份，在 PSAI 上，SFBC 對高中生之整體問題解決態度及自信取向，有立即輔導效果，且在整體問題解決態度、自信取向及逃避取向，有追蹤輔導效果。最後根據研究結果進行討論，提出未來研究建議。  The aim of this study was to explore effectiveness of Solution-focused brief counseling (SFBC) in improving high school students’ problem-solving attitudes, including the changes of their subjective experiences and the overall outcomes of counseling. This study adopted a mixed design with predominantly qualitative interview and supplementary quantitative data employed. Eight first-year students of a public high school in northern Taiwan were invited as the research subjects, and they were divided evenly into an experimental group and a control group. The experimental group underwent five to six sessions of one-on-one SFBC. They also went on to participate in two 50-minute semi-structured interviews immediately after and one month after SFBC sessions. All participants completed the Problem-solving Attitude Inventory (PSAI) before, after, and one month after the experimental group’s SFBC sessions. Sample analysis was used to analyze the interview data of experimental group and quantitative data was mainly analyzed by the Wilcoxon Signed-rank test. The research results were divided into two parts as follows. In the first parts on the PSAI, (1) SFBC had an immediate effect on high school students’ confidence and overall problem-solving attitudes; and (2) one month after the counseling sessions, SFBC had a long-term effect observed on high school students’ confidence, avoidance and overall problem-solving attitudes. In the second part, students’ subjective perceptions of their cognitive, confidence, and avoidance orientation and their overall problem-solving attitude had positively changed, especially the confidence orientation. Based on the above results, the impacts of SFBC on high school students’ problem-solving attitude were discussed, and suggestions for future relevant researches and practitioners were provided.