Analysis of the impact of war events on stroke and the risk factors of their development (review)

Abstract

Cerebral strokes rank fourth in the global burden of diseases. The prevalence of strokes is significantly higher in areas affected by military conflicts. Recent research results indicate that individuals residing in such zones have an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases and strokes, even years after the conclusion of these conflicts.A scientific analysis of sources regarding the prevalence, mortality, risk factors, and the course of cerebral strokes during global military events has been conducted. Bibliosemantic and analytical research methods were employed. This study demonstrates that strokes of the cerebral cortex remain a pressing global medical and social issue. Military events in many countries lead to an escalation in stroke incidence and mortality. This increase includes both known medical and non-medical risk factors for strokes, as well as the emergence of new significant causes. Notably, wartime hypertension, as a variant of stress-induced hypertension, has gained particular importance. Stress serves as its key etiological factor, setting in motion a cascade of pathogenetic mechanisms leading to the development and progression of these conditions. This type of hypertension is frequently associated with post-traumatic stress disorders, affecting not only military personnel but also civilian populations. During wartime, there is also a considerable rise in alcohol and tobacco consumption. Additionally, aside from the primary risk factors, stroke triggers such as anger, drug use, extended working hours, depression, psychosocial stress, and sleep disorders expedite the development and progression of the disease. Even years after the cessation of war, individuals who have experienced it are at a higher risk of ischemic heart disease, cardiopathies, strokes, and diabetes. This necessitates special attention from healthcare professionals working in the field of health care during and after conflicts.For Ukraine, it is promising to study and predict the main trends in morbidity and mortality from cerebral strokes during times of martial law, including an analysis of the risk factors for the disease and their impact on the outcome.