ENFOQUES GENÓMICOS Y TRANSCRIPTÓMICOS PARA ESTUDIAR ÁRBOLES MADERABLES: PERSPECTIVAS PARA EL ESTUDIO DE CEDRO ROJO (Cedrela odorata L.)

Abstract

Introduction: The high-throughput genomic and transcriptomic approach has been developed and implemented to address the main challenges that the timber forestry sector faces, such as population growth, climate change, deforestation and the loss of forest ecosystem services. Objective: To carry out a bibliographic review focused on the genomes and transcriptomes of timber trees reported in the databases, with special attention to red cedar (Cedrela odorata L.), due to its importance as precious wood in Mexico. Methodology: A literature review was carried out, directed at studying timber trees with genomic and transcriptomic strategies in different databases such as Pubmed, Scopus, Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, Wiley Online Library, MDPI and Scielo to identify the timber species that have been reported genomes and transcriptomes. The structure of the review was the genomics of timber trees, the transcriptomics of wood, and the potential species for study due to their importance and finally, the databases for consultation. Subsequently, a bibliometric study was carried out with the bibliometrix library in R Studio. Main results: The first genome to be assembled at the chromosome level was the black cottonwood. Among the timber trees, the genomes of black cottonwood, desert poplar, eucalyptus and oak with a length of 392, 496, 691 and 789 Mb have been reported. Through study of the transcriptome, it has been possible to identify genes related to formation of the wood in a hybrid poplar (Populus alba L. × P. glandulosa) and P. tremula L. and with drought tolerance in Pinus massoniana and Pinus pinaster Aiton. In red cedar (Cedrela odorata L.), the transcriptome was obtained by sequencing a single leaf, identifying 52,181 gene models. In the NCBI, EMBL-EBI, TreeGenes, PLAZA databases and the hardwood genomics website it is possible to find information related to the genomics and transcriptomics of timber species. Implications: More research is required in omics in timber, particularly in red cedar, since the search on these topics yielded little information. Conclusion: Through the bibliographic review in databases, the timber trees that have a described genome and transcriptome were identified. This information can be used for the assembly and annotation of new genomes, identification of genes and molecular markers, among other applications.