Seismic Facies Analysis, 3D Horizon Mapping, Source and Reservoir Rock Characteristics of the Paleocene Sequence in Potwar Basin, Pakistan: with Emphasis on Petroleum Potential Prospect

Syed Bilawal Ali Shah
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Abstract

—This study presents a comprehensive analysis of the Balkassar oilfield in the Potwar Basin, Pakistan. It integrates seismic reflection data, a 3D subsurface horizon model, and geochemical and petrophysical data. Evaluating the Lockhart Formation’s geochemical properties using well cuttings reveals consistent patterns of relatively low to fair total organic carbon (TOC). S2 values suggest a fair generation potential with a mixed Type II–III kerogen composition. Seismic facies analysis identifies five distinct categories with parallel attributes. Horizons from lower Permian to Eocene show varying amplitudes and prevalent parallel to wavy internal configurations. Geometries, mainly sheet-to-wedge, enhance stratigraphic understanding. The 3D seismic interpretation reveals the Lockhart Formation’s structural traits, with pronounced northwest dip and gentler southeast inclination. Faults flanking the formation truncate its limbs. A significant contour closure in the northwest, confined by fault boundaries, signifies attractive hydrocarbon potential. Petrophysical analysis indicates an average 9.17% porosity. Dominated by limestone, the formation shows average water saturation of around 25.29% and hydrocarbon saturation of roughly 74.71%, indicating favorable reservoir properties. The Lockhart Formation holds promise as a reservoir rock within the Potwar Basin, though its source rock suitability is limited. This study enhances understanding of Balkassar’s geological complexities and contributes to knowledge of hydrocarbon exploration in the Potwar Basin.
巴基斯坦 Potwar 盆地古新世地层的地震剖面分析、三维地层测绘、源岩和储层岩石特征:重点关注石油潜力前景
-本研究对巴基斯坦 Potwar 盆地的 Balkassar 油田进行了全面分析。它整合了地震反射数据、三维地下地层模型以及地球化学和岩石物理数据。利用油井切屑对洛克哈特地层的地球化学性质进行评估,发现了总有机碳(TOC)从相对较低到一般的一致模式。S2 值表明,该地层具有较好的生成潜力,具有 II-III 类混合角质成分。地震剖面分析确定了具有平行属性的五个不同类别。从下二叠统到始新统的地层显示出不同的振幅和普遍的平行到波浪形内部构造。主要是片状到边缘的几何构造增强了对地层的了解。三维地震解释揭示了洛克哈特地层的构造特征,具有明显的西北倾角和较缓的东南倾角。地层两侧的断层截断了其肢体。受断层边界的限制,西北部出现了明显的等高线闭合,这标志着极具吸引力的油气潜力。岩石物理分析表明,平均孔隙度为 9.17%。地层以石灰岩为主,平均含水饱和度约为 25.29%,碳氢饱和度约为 74.71%,显示出良好的储层属性。洛克哈特地层有望成为波特瓦盆地的储集岩,尽管其源岩适宜性有限。这项研究加深了人们对巴尔卡萨地质复杂性的认识,有助于了解 Potwar 盆地的油气勘探情况。
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