Coffee Leaf Traits, Bean Quality and Biochemistry across Elevation and Shade Gradients in Ethiopia

Merkebu Getachew
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Abstract

According to model projections, coffee cultivation areas will need to move to higher elevations as suitability moves upslope to compensate for increased temperatures. However, shifting coffee-growing areas upslope may bring conflicts with land use and crops other than coffee and induce adverse socio-economic and environmental impacts associated with deforestation for new coffee cultivation. Moreover, model projections are largely limited to ex-situ experiments based on downscaled global climate models, and thus empirical data are still needed to assess climate change impacts on coffee production in Ethiopia in the future. Furthermore, conditions such as shade tree canopy closure, soil fertility and elevation may either ameliorate or exacerbate climate change impacts. In the absence of significant interventions, this could result in considerable land use change, increased vulnerability of coffee-dependent livelihoods and a potential shortage of coffee supply. Hence, to generate trustworthy and accurate information for climate-resilient Ethiopian coffee production, more field-based experiments are needed. In this PhD thesis, I used coffee plants growing at contrasting elevations using a space-for-time substitution approach for warming in south-west Ethiopia. The coffee plants were superimposed under various shade tree species with multi-strata canopy architecture. The potential of increasing canopy closure in modulating responses to increasing temperature, and the associated effect on coffee plant traits, green bean quality and biochemistry, were thoroughly explored. Based on my findings, I was able to identify potential limiting factors, to close the coffee quality gap by providing improved management recommendations tailored to the local ecological conditions while acknowledging the dynamic drivers (mainly resource availability and climatic variability) for the long-term sustainability of the coffee industry.
埃塞俄比亚不同海拔高度和荫蔽梯度的咖啡叶性状、咖啡豆品质和生化特性
根据模型预测,咖啡种植区将需要向海拔更高的地方迁移,因为适合种植咖啡的地方正在向上坡移动,以弥补气温升高的影响。然而,咖啡种植区向斜上方移动可能会与咖啡以外的土地利用和作物产生冲突,并会因新咖啡种植区的森林砍伐而带来不利的社会经济和环境影响。此外,模型预测在很大程度上仅限于基于降尺度全球气候模型的原地实验,因此仍需要经验数据来评估气候变化对埃塞俄比亚未来咖啡生产的影响。此外,树冠郁闭度、土壤肥力和海拔高度等条件可能会减轻或加剧气候变化的影响。如果不采取重大干预措施,这可能会导致土地用途发生重大变化、依赖咖啡的生计更加脆弱以及咖啡供应可能短缺。因此,要为埃塞俄比亚咖啡生产提供可信和准确的信息,需要进行更多的实地试验。在这篇博士论文中,我采用空间-时间替代法,利用生长在埃塞俄比亚西南部不同海拔高度的咖啡植株进行增温。咖啡植株被叠加在具有多层树冠结构的各种遮荫树种下。我深入探讨了增加树冠闭合度在调节对温度升高的反应方面的潜力,以及对咖啡植物性状、绿豆质量和生物化学的相关影响。根据我的研究结果,我能够找出潜在的限制因素,通过提供适合当地生态条件的改进管理建议来缩小咖啡质量差距,同时承认咖啡产业长期可持续发展的动态驱动因素(主要是资源可用性和气候多变性)。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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