Le pouvoir du chérif : perspectives sahariennes (XVIIIe/XIXe siècles)

Abstract

This article studies the integration of Cherifian lineage groups into the social fabric of two oasis societies in western Sahara, Touat in southern Algeria and Oualata in Mauritania, during the 18th and 19th centuries. The aim is to consider the šarīf as a social actor distinct from “maraboutic” groups. We argue that Saharan šurafāʾ have a power that, although legitimized by the prestige of the genealogical link with the Prophet, can be articulated independently of the authority conferred by the status of scholar or “saint” (walī). Their power seems to rest primarily on their commitment as community leaders and, above all, on their ability to impose themselves in power relations between lineage groups, including through use of force of arms.