The future of military medical evacuation: literature analysis focused on the potential adoption of emerging technologies and advanced decision-analysis techniques

Sumana Biswas, Hasan Turan, S. Elsawah, Matthew Richmond, Thang Cao
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Abstract

A fundamental component of any military medical support system is medical evacuation. The main goal of evacuation is to reduce mortality among critically injured combat casualties. To achieve this goal, several decision problems including, the location of medical treatment facilities, relocation, dispatching, and routing have to be effective across all levels (tactical, operational, and strategic). This study concentrates on the three key types of medical evacuation (MEDEVAC) systems—forward, tactical, and strategic—and the related decision problems. Even though, over the last few years, some review papers have discussed the different topics of MEDEVAC systems (e.g., the evolution of MEDEVAC, evacuation timelines, and types of injuries), no research has been conducted on the full range (i.e., total care pathway) of MEDEVAC systems and the adoption of emerging technologies to improve future MEDEVAC. In this paper, a systematic review of the literature is described, including the decision problems involved in the total military medical evacuation process. This paper also reviews forecast challenges of future MEDEVAC and potential emerging technologies, concepts, and advanced decision-analysis methods to tackle these challenges. In future MEDEVAC processes, emerging technologies and concepts will be important to support improved medical capability; however, military planners will also need to adopt advanced decision-support techniques to efficiently employ these technologies.
军事医疗后送的未来:侧重于可能采用新兴技术和先进决策分析技术的文献分析
医疗后送是任何军事医疗支持系统的基本组成部分。后送的主要目标是降低重伤员的死亡率。要实现这一目标,必须在各个层面(战术、作战和战略)有效地解决几个决策问题,包括医疗设施的位置、转移、调度和路线选择。本研究集中探讨了医疗后送(MEDEVAC)系统的三种主要类型--前向、战术和战略--以及相关的决策问题。尽管在过去几年中,一些综述论文讨论了 MEDEVAC 系统的不同主题(如 MEDEVAC 的演变、后送时间表和受伤类型),但尚未对 MEDEVAC 系统的全方位(即整体护理路径)以及采用新兴技术改善未来 MEDEVAC 进行研究。本文对文献进行了系统回顾,包括军事医疗后送全过程中涉及的决策问题。本文还回顾了未来 MEDEVAC 所面临的预测挑战,以及应对这些挑战的潜在新兴技术、概念和先进决策分析方法。在未来的医疗后送过程中,新兴技术和概念对于支持医疗能力的提高非常重要;但是,军事规划人员也需要采用先进的决策支持技术来有效地利用这些技术。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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