Addressing Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) on Dairy Farms: A One Health Case Study from Punjab, India

Abstract

This case study explores the antimicrobial usage (AMU) practices on Punjab’s dairy farms, aiming to address the challenge of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) through collaborative efforts. It uncovers diverse AMU practices contributing to misuse, particularly on farm management-related diseases, such as mastitis, reproductive disorders, diarrhoeal diseases, and blood parasite infections. Some animal farms displayed high AMU levels of ‘critical importance’ category antibiotics, as per the World Health Organization. Additionally, some farmers exhibited inadequate knowledge and understanding of the importance of completing adequate antimicrobial therapy courses. The key risk factors for incorrect AMU include lack of awareness among the informal animal health service providers (without formal education/qualification), over-the-counter access of antibiotics, self-treatment practices by the farmers, and limited understanding of AMR’s public health implications. The study undertook a series of initiatives to combat AMR, including subject awareness workshops, biosecurity awareness activities comprising proper disposal of farm waste, and workshops for veterinarians, para-veterinarians, and farmers, sensitizing about AMR’s adverse consequences. Recommendations include enhancing access to qualified veterinarians, discouraging reliance on unauthorized practitioners, enhancing diagnostic capabilities, and providing technical support for disease prevention. Establishing AMU and AMR surveillance systems is essential for informed decision-making. Collaborative efforts are vital to raise awareness, promote responsible AMU, and ensure animal and public health security. These joint actions among dairy chain stakeholders are imperative to combat AMR and foster sustainable dairy production while protecting animal and human health. © The Authors 2023