Evidence and Models of Linguistic Relations: Subgroups, Linkages, Lexical Innovations, and Borneo

IF 0.4 3区文学 0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS

OCEANIC LINGUISTICS Pub Date : 2023-11-30 DOI:10.1353/ol.2023.a913564

Alexander D. Smith

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Abstract:Several recent studies place the languages of Borneo into one of two large groups, the Greater North Borneo subgroup and the Barito–Basap linkage. These same studies place both Greater North Borneo and Barito–Basap with the Western Indonesian subgroup, a large subgroup which is claimed to be a primary branch of Malayo-Polynesian. This paper demonstrates that the exclusively lexical evidence used to justify such subgroups is invalid as subgrouping evidence. Instead, it is shown that the languages of Borneo developed a small number of Bornean-only lexical items through contact, borrowing, and early innovations within the first Proto-Malayo-Polynesian-speaking settlers of the island. To support these claims, a detailed description of both the methods of lexical innovation evaluation as well as the types of linguistic relations that such lexical innovations support is undertaken in this paper. A new standard for the use of lexical evidence in subgrouping arguments is established, with wide-ranging implications for not only the classification of Bornean languages but of western Malayo-Polynesian languages in general.

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语言关系的证据和模式：亚群、联系、词汇创新和婆罗洲语

摘要:最近的一些研究将婆罗洲语言归入两个大群体之一，即大北婆罗洲亚群和巴里托-巴萨普联系群。这些研究将大北婆罗洲语和巴里托-巴萨普语都归入西印尼语亚群，这个大亚群被认为是马来-波利尼西亚语的一个主要分支。本文论证了专门用于证明此类亚群的词汇证据作为亚群证据是无效的。相反，本文证明婆罗洲语言通过接触、借用和岛上讲原马来-波利尼西亚语的第一批定居者的早期创新，发展出少量婆罗洲语专用词汇。为了支持这些说法，本文对词汇创新的评估方法以及这些词汇创新所支持的语言关系类型进行了详细描述。本文确立了在分组论证中使用词汇证据的新标准，不仅对婆罗洲语的分类，而且对整个西马来-波利尼西亚语的分类都有广泛的影响。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

OCEANIC LINGUISTICS LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS-

CiteScore

1.00

自引率

44.40%

发文量

期刊介绍： Oceanic Linguistics is the only journal devoted exclusively to the study of the indigenous languages of the Oceanic area and parts of Southeast Asia. The thousand-odd languages within the scope of the journal are the aboriginal languages of Australia, the Papuan languages of New Guinea, and the languages of the Austronesian (or Malayo-Polynesian) family. Articles in Oceanic Linguistics cover issues of linguistic theory that pertain to languages of the area, report research on historical relations, or furnish new information about inadequately described languages.