Sarcoidosis and Smoking: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Abstract

Sarcoidosis is a multisystem granulomatous disease with an unknown etiology. The role of smoking in the development of sarcoidosis remains unclear. We study the association of smoking with sarcoidosis. Articles reporting the association between smoking and sarcoidosis till June 01, 2023, were retrieved from PubMed and Cochrane Database. A random effect model was used to perform meta-analysis. After screening 192 records, we included seven studies. The total sample size was 1642 cases of sarcoidosis and 4207 controls. The pooled odds ratio was 0.55 (95% confidence interval 0.38–0.79), implying a negative association between sarcoidosis and smoking. There is a decreased risk of sarcoidosis among smokers compared to nonsmokers. Further research is required to ascertain the association between smoking and sarcoidosis.