Dampak Pandemi COVID-19 terhadap Aspek Psikologis Perawat: Studi Literatur

Abstract

Background: As a health worker, nurses put themselves in high risk since they have been exposed in the front line battle against COVID-19 virus. Nurses suffer from physical exhaustion, psychological or mental fatigue, and even excessive stress due to heavy workload. Objective: To find out the impact of covid toward nurses’ psychological aspect. Method: The literature review was carried out using the PRISMA flow diagram. Sciencedirect, Willey Online and EBSCO were used as the journal database. The keywords of the PICO framework were Nurse AND Psychological AND Impact of COVID-19. Inclusion criteria included focus on the COVID-19 pandemic, publications in the last 3 years, written in English, and original research. The exclusion criteria was literature review type of article. Result: As the result, there were 9075 articles consisted of 1751 articles from Sciencedirect database, 3871 articles from Willey Online, 3453 articles from EBSCO, and 5 articles from handsearching. After inclusion and exclusion criterias were applied, there were 16 articles left to be analyzed. These articles discussed the psychological impact on nurses who were facing the COVID-19 pandemic, such as insomnia, sadness, fear, anxiety, depression, stress, suicidal ideation, depersonalization, and PTSD (Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder). Conclusion: The COVID-19 pandemic have impacted nurses in carrying out their duties in health services, hence it needs serious attention to their psychological condition. ABSTRAKLatar belakang: Sebagai tenaga kesehatan, perawat menempatkan dirinya pada risiko tinggi karena mereka merupakan garda terdepan dalam melawan virus COVID-19. Perawat mengalami kelelahan fisik, kelelahan psikologis/mental, bahkan stres yang berlebihan karena tingginya beban kerja selama pandemi COVID-19. Tujuan: Untuk mengetahui dampak COVID-19 terhadap aspek psikologis perawat. Metode: Tinjauan literatur dilakukan menggunakan alur diagram PRISMA dan database jurnal yang digunakan meliputi Sciencedirect, Willey Online, dan EBSCO. Kata kunci dari kerangka kerja PICO, yaitu Nurse AND Pscyhological AND Impact of COVID-19. Kriteria inklusi meliputi fokus pada pandemi COVID-19, publikasi 3 tahun terakhir, berbahasa Inggris, penelitian asli/original article. Kriteria eksklusinya adalah penelitian artikel jenis review.  Hasil: Hasil pencarian literatur didapatkan 9075 artikel dengan pencarian database Science Direct 1751 artikel, Willey Online 3871 artikel, EBSCO 3453 artikel dan handsearching 5 artikel. Artikel diskrining sesuai dengan kriteria inklusi sehingga didapatkan 16 artikel utama yang dianalisis. Dampak psikologis yang dirasakan perawat saat menghadapi pandemi COVID-19, meliputi insomnia, kesedihan, ketakutan, kecemasan, depresi, stres, ide bunuh diri, depersonalisasi, dan gangguan stres pascatrauma (post-traumatic stress disorder atau PTSD). Simpulan: Pandemi COVID-19 berdampak pada perawat dalam menjalankan tugasnya di pelayanan kesehatan sehingga perlu perhatian serius terhadap kondisi psikologis petugas kesehatan.