The Influence of Heavy Metal Pollution on the Pigment Content in the Assimilation Apparatus of Poplar Cultivars in the Conditions of the Iron Ore Region

Oleksandr Danylchuk, N. Danylchuk, Lyudmyla Boyko, Yu. Yukhymenko
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Abstract

Abstract We carried out studies of the translocation of heavy metals in the soils of Kryvyi Rih. The peculiarities of the accumulation of heavy metals in the assimilation apparatus of seven poplar cultivars were clarified. The maximum rates of translocation of heavy metals were detected at the monitoring site of the industrial site of Northern Iron Ore Dressing Combine (henceforth referred to as Pivnichnyi HZK or PivnHZK). In the leaves of poplars “Lvivska,” “Hradizhzka,” and “I-45/51,” cadmium, one of the highly toxic elements, accumulates 25–30 times more than in the leaves of control plants. High rates of accumulation of heavy metals lead to a violation of the functioning of the plant organism at the physiological and biochemical levels, as evidenced by changes in the content of chlorophyll a and b. The amount of the main pigments of photosynthesis in the leaves of poplar cultivars under conditions of environmental pollution with heavy metals is lower than in the control, which indicates the inclusion of plant signaling mechanisms. At the same time, the amount of carotenoids in the organs of assimilation of poplars growing on the industrial sites of Northern and Central Iron Ore Dressing Combines (henceforth referred to as Central HZK or CHZK) increases and indicates the realization of their protective functions. The investigated cultivars can be divided into two groups according to the intensity of changes in pigment content. The first group (with a decrease in chlorophylls up to 2 times and an increase in the amount of carotenoids up to 2.5 times) includes “I-45/51,” “Lvivska,” and “Hradizhzka,” and the second group (with a decrease in chlorophylls by more than 2 times and an increase in the amount of carotenoids by more than 2.5 times) includes “Keliberdynska,” “Robusta,” “Sacrau-59,” and “Tronco.” This fact indicates better adaptation and greater resistance of cultivars of the first group to the action of heavy metals.
重金属污染对铁矿地区杨树同化器中色素含量的影响
摘要 我们对 Kryvyi Rih 土壤中重金属的转移进行了研究。研究明确了重金属在七个杨树栽培品种的同化装置中积累的特殊性。在北方铁矿选矿联合企业(以下简称 Pivnichnyi HZK 或 PivnHZK)工业基地的监测点检测到重金属的最大转移率。在 "Lvivska"、"Hradizhzka "和 "I-45/51 "杨树叶片中,剧毒元素之一镉的累积量是对照植物叶片的 25-30 倍。在重金属环境污染条件下,杨树栽培品种叶片中光合作用主要色素的含量比对照组低,这表明植物信号机制受到影响。同时,生长在北部和中部铁矿选矿联合企业(以下简称中部 HZK 或 CHZK)工业区的杨树同化器官中类胡萝卜素的含量增加,表明其保护功能得以实现。根据色素含量变化的强度,可将所调查的栽培品种分为两组。第一组(叶绿素减少不超过 2 倍,类胡萝卜素增加不超过 2.5 倍)包括 "I-45/51"、"Lvivska "和 "Hradizhzka",第二组(叶绿素减少超过 2 倍,类胡萝卜素增加超过 2.5 倍)包括 "Keliberdynska"、"Robusta"、"Sacrau-59 "和 "Tronco"。这一事实表明,第一组栽培品种对重金属的作用有更好的适应性和更强的抵抗力。
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