Functioning of different types of predicates in the Tuvan language in narrative discourse

Abstract

The article examines the use of finite and infinite predicates, specifically simple and analytical ones, in Tuvan prose. Our attention is on narrative sentences that present a sequential order of events. The analysis reveals that the discourse under study is predominantly characterized by infinite forms in the finite function, such as participles (non-analytical predicates) and gerunds as the initial component of analytical predicates. The finite design of the predicate implies a sequential presentation of events unfolding in time and space. Non-analytic and analytical structures of the predicate can be distinguished based on the presence of the adverbial first component and the participial first component. The infinite organization of the predicate presupposes the possibility of a causal link between consecutive events, although this assumption is not obligatory. Analytical constructions with different semantics, such as modal, aspectual, phase, and temporal, involve the use of the participles “on = p” and “on = a.” Auxiliary verbs modify the semantics of the main verb, adding additional characteristics to the mode of action. Analytical constructions with the semantics of “almost” are regarded as a special aspectual form. It indicates that the temporal phase of the situation denoted by the auxiliary verb is very close to the initial boundary of the situation described by the semantic verb on the time axis. However, despite being on the verge of realization in the past, such a situation failed to materialize.