{"title":"Geology and Structure of the Río Blanco Cu-Mo Porphyry Deposit, Central Chile","authors":"J. Skarmeta, Fernando Ortiz, Marco Solé","doi":"10.5382/econgeo.5043","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"The Río Blanco-Los Bronces deposit is the largest Cu-Mo porphyry deposit in the world in terms of contained Cu metal. It is the product of protracted superposed magmatic and hydrothermal activity associated with multiple intrusive and brecciation events, with simultaneous regional uplift, erosion and unroofing, and decompression. Magmatism resulted in three major mineralization-alteration stages. The premineralization stage occurred during the emplacement of the San Francisco batholith, resulting in late magmatic and early hydrothermal events. The synmineralization stage corresponds to the main hydrothermal events associated with the Río Blanco-Los Bronces porphyry and breccia complexes, which were related to three intrusion phases, widespread brecciation, and an epithermal-style advanced argillic alteration. Late-stage magmatism, followed by hydrothermal activity, was associated with the emplacement of subvolcanic rhyolite complexes and late-stage porphyry intrusions. The synmineralization intrusions are associated with high-grade breccia bodies that have well-defined alteration-zonation patterns. Compilation and analysis of the historical Río Blanco structural data sets from the different mines, tunnels, and pits have allowed the assignment of all mapped structures to four hierarchical orders based on their continuity, crosscutting relationships, and infill compositions. The larger structures (orders 0 and 1) have along-strike continuity, correlate between drifts and/or mine levels, whereas smaller structures (orders 2 and 3) were grouped according to their dimensions and distributions within the larger-order structure-defined panels. All orders 0 and 1 structures were modeled in three dimensions, while orders 2 and 3 were in two dimensions. The structures mapped at Río Blanco have an intimate relationship with the pre- to the late-stage geologic evolution of magmatism and mineralization. The regional- and to a lesser extent district-scale structural evolution was related to premineralization basin-opening and subsequent tectonic inversion, whereas at the camp scale, syn- to late mineralization intrusions and related hydrothermal features were superimposed on this inherited structural architecture.","PeriodicalId":11469,"journal":{"name":"Economic Geology","volume":"38 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.5000,"publicationDate":"2023-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Economic Geology","FirstCategoryId":"89","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.5382/econgeo.5043","RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"GEOCHEMISTRY & GEOPHYSICS","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
The Río Blanco-Los Bronces deposit is the largest Cu-Mo porphyry deposit in the world in terms of contained Cu metal. It is the product of protracted superposed magmatic and hydrothermal activity associated with multiple intrusive and brecciation events, with simultaneous regional uplift, erosion and unroofing, and decompression. Magmatism resulted in three major mineralization-alteration stages. The premineralization stage occurred during the emplacement of the San Francisco batholith, resulting in late magmatic and early hydrothermal events. The synmineralization stage corresponds to the main hydrothermal events associated with the Río Blanco-Los Bronces porphyry and breccia complexes, which were related to three intrusion phases, widespread brecciation, and an epithermal-style advanced argillic alteration. Late-stage magmatism, followed by hydrothermal activity, was associated with the emplacement of subvolcanic rhyolite complexes and late-stage porphyry intrusions. The synmineralization intrusions are associated with high-grade breccia bodies that have well-defined alteration-zonation patterns. Compilation and analysis of the historical Río Blanco structural data sets from the different mines, tunnels, and pits have allowed the assignment of all mapped structures to four hierarchical orders based on their continuity, crosscutting relationships, and infill compositions. The larger structures (orders 0 and 1) have along-strike continuity, correlate between drifts and/or mine levels, whereas smaller structures (orders 2 and 3) were grouped according to their dimensions and distributions within the larger-order structure-defined panels. All orders 0 and 1 structures were modeled in three dimensions, while orders 2 and 3 were in two dimensions. The structures mapped at Río Blanco have an intimate relationship with the pre- to the late-stage geologic evolution of magmatism and mineralization. The regional- and to a lesser extent district-scale structural evolution was related to premineralization basin-opening and subsequent tectonic inversion, whereas at the camp scale, syn- to late mineralization intrusions and related hydrothermal features were superimposed on this inherited structural architecture.
期刊介绍:
The journal, now published semi-quarterly, was first published in 1905 by the Economic Geology Publishing Company (PUBCO), a not-for-profit company established for the purpose of publishing a periodical devoted to economic geology. On the founding of SEG in 1920, a cooperative arrangement between PUBCO and SEG made the journal the official organ of the Society, and PUBCO agreed to carry the Society''s name on the front cover under the heading "Bulletin of the Society of Economic Geologists". PUBCO and SEG continued to operate as cooperating but separate entities until 2001, when the Board of Directors of PUBCO and the Council of SEG, by unanimous consent, approved a formal agreement of merger. The former activities of the PUBCO Board of Directors are now carried out by a Publications Board, a new self-governing unit within SEG.