Red Badge of Courage and Jalan Tak Ada Ujung: Comparing Indonesia’s and America’s National Masculinity

K@ta Pub Date : 2023-12-18 DOI:10.9744/kata.25.2.81-91
Danial Hidayatullah
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Abstract

Masculinity linked to conflict or war is often seen as hegemonic. This research offers two literary texts from two different countries:  Stephen Crane’s The Red Badge of Courage (2005) and Muchtar Lubis’ Jalan Tak Ada Ujung (The Endless Road) (1952). By comparing and contrasting both countries in terms of non-hegemonic masculinities of the protagonist characters, the pattern of masculinities of each nation, which is often overlooked,  can be explainable. We can identify variations of masculinities in classic fiction, which reflect the national discourses. By utilizing the notion of focalization, the method of narratology can locate the power relation and agency in the story. Post-war anxiety as well as the ideology of fatherism and momism constructs the national gendered discoures. Indonesia’s masculinity resists the legitimate and privileged as well as the status-quo concept of national masculinity. The resistance implies that Indonesia’s national masculinity is more diverse and progressive than America’s is.
红色勇气勋章》和《Jalan Tak Ada Ujung》:比较印尼和美国的民族阳刚之气
与冲突或战争相关的男性气质往往被视为霸权主义。本研究提供了来自两个不同国家的两部文学作品: 斯蒂芬-克莱恩(Stephen Crane)的《红色勇气勋章》(2005 年)和穆赫塔尔-卢比斯(Muchtar Lubis)的《无尽之路》(Jalan Tak Ada Ujung,1952 年)。通过比较和对比两个国家主人公的非霸权男性气质,可以解释每个国家往往被忽视的男性气质模式。我们可以发现经典小说中男性气质的变化,这些变化反映了民族话语。利用聚焦的概念,叙事学的方法可以定位故事中的权力关系和代理。战后焦虑以及父亲主义和母亲主义的意识形态构建了国家性别话语。印尼的男子气概抵制合法的、享有特权的以及维持现状的国家男子气概概念。这种抵制意味着印尼的民族男性气质比美国的更多元、更进步。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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