Democracy as Ambitendent Phenomenon: Problems of National and Social Solidarity

A. Finko
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Abstract

The article’s intellectual core resides in the examination of social phenomena through the lenses of ambivalence and ambitemptiness. Democracy is conceived through the cultivation of the ideal of national solidarity within the framework of the “indivisible and unified nation” and revolution — values which, according to B. Anderson, individuals do not choose of their own volition. Nevertheless, it functions by virtue of structures that are freely chosen by individuals, specifically political parties and civil society organisations, among which trade unions assume a paramount role in ensuring social solidarity. The author posits that a functioning political democracy, viewed as a historically ambi temptuous phenomenon, necessitates the reanimation of sustained equilibrium between the for ces of social hegemony and counter-hegemony. This revival hinges on transformative shifts in the structure of civil society, particularly reinstatement of pivotal social functions to trade unions. The article underscores the phenomenon of unprecedented demonstrative solidarity exhibited by the Democratic Party of the USA towards the strike movement. The author emphasises that a fully-fledged European liberal democracy was established during its golden age, preceding financial globalisation, as a social democracy. Within its framework, competitive and pluralist elections were complemented by the possibility of nationwide strikes facilitated by trade unions capable of social mobilisation. Proposing the term “political society” to denote the phenomenon encompassing political parties and movements, the article argues that their viability depends on their connection with civil society structures. It is asserted that neither right-wing nor left-wing populism possesses the capacity to fully neutralise “democratic fatigue”.
作为宏大现象的民主:民族和社会团结问题
文章的思想核心在于通过矛盾和野心的视角来审视社会现象。B. 安德森认为,民主是通过在 "不可分割和统一的国家 "和革命的框架内培养民族团结的理想来构想的,而这些价值观并不是个人自愿选择的。尽管如此,它还是凭借个人自由选择的结构,特别是政党和公民社会组织(其中工会在确保社会团结方面发挥着最重要的作用)来发挥作用。作者认为,政治民主的运作是一种历史性的模糊现象,它需要重新恢复社会霸权与反霸权之间的持续平衡。这种复兴取决于公民社会结构的转型,特别是恢复工会的关键社会职能。文章强调了美国民主党对罢工运动表现出前所未有的团结一致的现象。作者强调,在金融全球化之前的黄金时代,成熟的欧洲自由民主制度是作为社会民主制度建立起来的。在其框架内,竞争性的多元化选举与能够进行社会动员的工会推动的全国性罢工相辅相成。文章提出了 "政治社会 "这一术语来表示包括政党和运动在内的现象,并认为政党和运动的生命力取决于它们与公民社会结构的联系。文章认为,无论是右翼民粹主义还是左翼民粹主义,都不具备完全消除 "民主疲劳 "的能力。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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